sort comments

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.dockerignore

@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ coverage
 *.log
 tsconfig.build.tsbuildinfo
 src/generated
+storage

.gitignore

@@ -58,3 +58,6 @@ report.[0-9]*.[0-9]*.[0-9]*.[0-9]*.json
 
 /src/generated/prisma
 /src/schema.gql
+
+# Local file storage (FILE_STORAGE=local)
+/storage

WIP.md

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# WIP — вложения (2026-10-02)
+
+Сделано за сегодня: модуль `file` (хранение файлов), модуль `issue-attachment`
+(вложения задач) и вложения в комментариях. Всё в ветке `feature/attachments`
+(не запушена), миграции к БД не применялись.
+
+## Архитектура
+
+Метаданные файла хранятся отдельно от того, к чему файл прикреплён:
+
+```
+file  ←──  issue_attachment    (issueId, fileId)    — модуль issue-attachment
+      ←──  comment_attachment  (commentId, fileId)  — модуль comment
+```
+
+- `file` ничего не знает о владельцах. Новый владелец = своя таблица связей
+  + регистрация в `FileOwnerRegistry`; сам `file` при этом не меняется.
+- Удаление задачи/комментария удаляет связи каскадом в БД, а файл без единой
+  связи (сирота) удаляет GC.
+- Флоу для клиента в два шага: загрузить файл → прикрепить по `fileId`.
+
+Почему не полиморфная связь `ownerType + ownerId`: нет FK, нет каскадов, разные
+типы ключей (`Issue.id` — Int, остальные — uuid).
+
+## Миграции
+
+| Миграция | Что |
+|---|---|
+| `20261002045355_file` | таблица `file` |
+| `20261002050156_issue_attachment` | таблица `issue_attachment` |
+| `20261002060755_comment_attachment` | таблица `comment_attachment` |
+
+Собраны через `prisma migrate diff` без подключения к БД. Применятся при деплое
+(`prisma migrate deploy` в CMD Dockerfile).
+
+## Модуль `file` — `src/modules/file/`
+
+### API
+
+| Метод | Путь | Что |
+|---|---|---|
+| POST | `/api/files` | загрузка, multipart, поле `file` → `FileDto` |
+| GET | `/api/files/:id/download` | скачивание (поток) |
+| DELETE | `/api/files/:id` | удалить файл (только загрузивший), 204 |
+
+`FileDto`: `{ id, fileName, mimeType, size, uploaderId, createdAt }`.
+`storageKey` наружу не отдаётся.
+
+### Устройство
+
+- **domain**:
+  - `StoredFile` — не `File`, чтобы не путать с глобальным Web API `File`;
+  - VO `FileName`: убирает путь и управляющие символы, обрезает до 255
+    с сохранением расширения;
+  - порты `IFileStorage`, `IFileTypeDetector`.
+- **application**:
+  - use-case'ы upload / download / delete / get-files;
+  - `FileAccessService`, `FileOwnerRegistry`, `FileGcService`.
+- **infrastructure**:
+  - `FilePrismaRepository`;
+  - хранилища `LocalFileStorage` (dev/тесты) и `S3FileStorage`
+    (S3 / RustFS / MinIO), выбираются в `file-storage.factory.ts`;
+  - `FileTypeDetector` на `file-type`.
+- **presentation**: `FileController`, хелпер `contentDisposition`
+  (RFC 5987, кириллица), GraphQL-тип `File`.
+
+### Загрузка
+
+- multer пишет во временный файл (`os.tmpdir()`), а не в память. Лимит —
+  `FILE_MAX_SIZE_MB`, при превышении Nest отвечает 413.
+- `defParamCharset: 'utf8'` — иначе multer ломает кириллицу в именах файлов.
+- MIME определяется **по содержимому** (magic bytes). Нераспознанное
+  (HTML, SVG, текст) сохраняется как `application/octet-stream`.
+- Ключ в хранилище — `files/{randomUUID}`. Имя от пользователя в ключ не попадает.
+- Порядок записи: объект → строка в БД. Если запись строки упала, объект
+  удаляется сразу.
+
+### Скачивание и безопасность
+
+- Inline отдаются только `image/png|jpeg|gif|webp`, всё остальное — как
+  `attachment`. Плюс `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff` — защита от stored XSS.
+- Файл виден загрузившему и всем, кому виден хоть один его владелец (задача,
+  комментарий). Иначе 404, чтобы не раскрывать существование файла.
+- `TransformResponseInterceptor` пропускает `StreamableFile`. Без этого обёртка
+  `{data, code}` ломала скачивание.
+
+### Прикрепление (для модулей-владельцев)
+
+- `FileAccessService.getAttachableFile(id, userId)`: прикрепить можно только
+  **свой** файл. Невидимый файл → 404, чужой → 403. Иначе файл, увиденный
+  через одну задачу, можно было бы перенести в другую.
+- `GetFilesUseCase` — метаданные файлов по id, для раскрытия связей в DTO.
+
+### GC файлов-сирот
+
+- `FileGcService`, `@Cron(EVERY_HOUR)`. Подключён `ScheduleModule` в `app.module.ts`.
+- Удаляет файлы старше `FILE_ORPHAN_TTL_HOURS` (по умолчанию 24), на которые
+  не ссылается ни один зарегистрированный владелец.
+- Порядок удаления: объект → строка. Удаление объекта идемпотентно, поэтому
+  при сбое следующий запуск доделает работу. Тот же порядок в `DeleteFileUseCase`.
+- Безопасен при нескольких инстансах приложения.
+
+> ⚠️ Новый владелец файлов **обязан** зарегистрироваться в `FileOwnerRegistry`
+> (`onModuleInit`), иначе GC удалит его файлы как сирот.
+
+## Модуль `issue-attachment` — `src/modules/issue-attachment/`
+
+Отдельный модуль, как `comment`: зависит от issue, а issue о нём не знает.
+Иначе получался бы цикл issue ↔ attachment.
+
+### API
+
+| Метод | Путь | Что |
+|---|---|---|
+| GET | `/api/issues/:issueId/attachments` | список → `IssueAttachmentDto[]` |
+| POST | `/api/issues/:issueId/attachments` | `{ fileId }` → `IssueAttachmentDto` |
+| DELETE | `/api/issues/:issueId/attachments/:fileId` | открепить, 204 (файл удалит GC) |
+
+`IssueAttachmentDto`: `{ issueId, file: FileDto, attachedAt }`.
+
+GraphQL: поле `IssueDetail.attachments`. Его добавляет `IssueAttachmentResolver`
+через `@ResolveField`, issue-модуль не тронут. В списке задач (`Issue`) этого
+поля нет, чтобы не было N+1.
+
+### Правила
+
+- Прикреплять и откреплять может любой, кому видна задача (то же правило, что
+  для правки задачи), но прикрепить можно только свой файл.
+- Повторное прикрепление идемпотентно (`upsert`).
+- Если задачу или файл удалили между проверкой и вставкой (FK violation), ответ 404.
+- `IssueAttachmentFileOwnerService` регистрируется в реестре. Видимость файла
+  проверяется через `IIssueRepository.findById`, поэтому правило
+  «reporter/assignee» живёт в одном месте.
+
+## Вложения в комментариях — модуль `comment`
+
+Вложения — часть агрегата `Comment` (`fileIds`). Отдельных эндпоинтов нет:
+
+```
+POST  /api/issues/:issueId/comments  { "content": "...", "fileIds": ["…"] }
+PATCH /api/comments/:id              { "content": "...", "fileIds": [...] }
+```
+
+- **Ответы.** `CommentDto.attachments: FileDto[]` — в create, update, списке
+  и SSE-событиях.
+- **Правка.** `fileIds` при update задаёт набор целиком; не передан — вложения
+  не меняются.
+  - Синхронизация связей идёт в одной транзакции с правкой текста.
+  - Изменение только набора файлов тоже считается правкой
+    (`editedAt`, `comment.updated`).
+  - Проверяются только добавленные файлы.
+- **Ограничения:** максимум `Comment.MAX_ATTACHMENTS = 10`, дубли убираются.
+- **Порядок** — по времени загрузки. id файлов — uuid v7, поэтому
+  сортировка по строке совпадает с порядком загрузки.
+- **Мягкое удаление** комментария снимает связи, файлы забирает GC. В ответе
+  у удалённого комментария `attachments: []`.
+- `CommentAttachmentFileOwnerService` регистрируется в реестре. Файл виден
+  тем, кому видна задача неудалённого комментария с этим файлом.
+- `CommentAuthorExpanderService` переименован в `CommentExpanderService`:
+  он раскрывает и авторов, и файлы (параллельно).
+
+## Прочие изменения
+
+- **Зависимости:** `@aws-sdk/client-s3`, `file-type`, `@nestjs/schedule`;
+  dev — `@types/multer`.
+- **`tsconfig.json`:** `multer` добавлен в `types`, иначе не виден
+  `Express.Multer.File`.
+- **`.gitignore` / `.dockerignore`:** добавлен `/storage` — каталог
+  локального хранилища.
+
+## Переменные окружения
+
+```
+FILE_STORAGE=s3                # local (по умолчанию) | s3
+FILE_STORAGE_LOCAL_DIR=./storage
+FILE_MAX_SIZE_MB=25
+FILE_ORPHAN_TTL_HOURS=24
+
+S3_ENDPOINT=http://rustfs:9000 # для AWS можно не задавать
+S3_REGION=us-east-1
+S3_BUCKET=ulitka
+S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID=...
+S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=...
+S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE=true       # для RustFS/MinIO
+```
+
+В `.env` были закомментированы `RUSTFS_*`. Адаптер использует общие `S3_*`.
+
+## Проверено
+
+- 154 unit-теста проходят. Типы, линтер и сборка чистые.
+- Приложение стартует, DI резолвится, новые маршруты без сессии отвечают 401.
+  В `schema.gql` появились `File`, `IssueAttachment`, `IssueDetail.attachments`.
+- **Не проверено:** сценарий целиком с авторизацией, реальной БД и S3
+  (upload → attach → download → GC).
+
+## TODO / открытые вопросы
+
+- [ ] Перед деплоем: создать бакет в RustFS (приложение его не создаёт),
+      прописать `FILE_STORAGE=s3` и `S3_*` на сервере.
+- [ ] Прогнать e2e: загрузка → прикрепление → скачивание другим участником →
+      открепление → GC.
+- [ ] Влить `feature/attachments` в `main`. Push в `main` запускает деплой —
+      сначала бакет и переменные окружения.
+- [ ] Лимит числа вложений у задачи (у комментария — 10).
+- [ ] SSE-события для вложений задачи (по образцу `CommentEventsService`).
+- [ ] Комментарий только с файлами, без текста? Сейчас текст обязателен.
+- [ ] Вложения комментариев в GraphQL — когда появятся комментарии в GraphQL.
+- [ ] GC при большом числе файлов: сейчас каждый запуск проходит по всем старым
+      файлам. При сотнях тысяч файлов — переписать на `NOT EXISTS`.
+- [ ] Маловероятная гонка: прикрепление файла, загруженного больше 24 ч назад,
+      ровно в момент прохода GC может его потерять.
+- [ ] Позже: отдавать скачивание redirect'ом на presigned GET вместо стрима
+      через Node.

package-lock.json

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
       "dependencies": {
         "@apollo/server": "^5.5.1",
         "@as-integrations/express5": "^1.1.2",
+        "@aws-sdk/client-s3": "^3.1145.0",
         "@better-auth/prisma-adapter": "^1.7.2",
         "@nestjs/apollo": "^14.0.0",
         "@nestjs/common": "^12.0.1",
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@
         "@nestjs/event-emitter": "^12.0.1",
         "@nestjs/graphql": "^14.0.0",
         "@nestjs/platform-express": "^12.0.1",
+        "@nestjs/schedule": "^12.0.2",
         "@nestjs/typeorm": "^12.0.1",
         "@prisma/adapter-pg": "^7.10.0",
         "@prisma/client": "^7.10.0",
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@
         "better-auth": "^1.7.2",
         "class-transformer": "^0.5.1",
         "class-validator": "^0.15.1",
+        "file-type": "^22.1.1",
         "graphql": "^16.14.2",
         "nodemailer": "^10.0.0",
         "pg": "^8.23.0",
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@
         "@nestjs/schematics": "^12.0.0",
         "@nestjs/testing": "^12.0.1",
         "@types/express": "^5.0.0",
+        "@types/multer": "^2.3.0",
         "@types/node": "^24.0.0",
         "@types/pg": "^8.23.1",
         "@types/supertest": "^7.0.0",
@@ -371,6 +375,314 @@
         "express": "^5.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@aws-sdk/checksums": {
+      "version": "3.1001.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/checksums/-/checksums-3.1001.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-x12Q17KYlJAd3nKf8LV5LV0vt8sh8/6YfQLGPtrGnQf/tW4jqxPGq5GPpuVitpQYM3eUR4XB7CbxZf751NMbLw==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@aws-sdk/core": "^3.978.1",
+        "@aws-sdk/types": "^3.974.6",
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.35.0",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@aws-sdk/client-s3": {
+      "version": "3.1145.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/client-s3/-/client-s3-3.1145.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MPKAQdx8qCZW1/ChDPILNehtAn/BMP4GNTnaH/xhGCWg3v50ADVq1K2WzxIrFfeANdWUyjwiY0CXDBhclsNWgQ==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@aws-sdk/checksums": "^3.1001.1",
+        "@aws-sdk/core": "^3.978.1",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-node": "^3.972.84",
+        "@aws-sdk/middleware-sdk-s3": "^3.972.77",
+        "@aws-sdk/signature-v4-multi-region": "^3.996.47",
+        "@aws-sdk/types": "^3.974.6",
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.35.0",
+        "@smithy/fetch-http-handler": "^5.8.0",
+        "@smithy/node-http-handler": "^4.12.1",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
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+    "node_modules/@aws-sdk/core": {
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+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@aws-sdk/types": "^3.974.6",
+        "@aws-sdk/xml-builder": "^3.972.41",
+        "@aws/lambda-invoke-store": "^0.3.0",
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.35.0",
+        "@smithy/signature-v4": "^5.7.3",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "bowser": "^2.11.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@aws-sdk/credential-provider-env": {
+      "version": "3.972.72",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/credential-provider-env/-/credential-provider-env-3.972.72.tgz",
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+      }
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+    "node_modules/@aws-sdk/credential-provider-http": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/credential-provider-http/-/credential-provider-http-3.972.74.tgz",
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+      }
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+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@aws-sdk/core": "^3.978.1",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-env": "^3.972.72",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-http": "^3.972.74",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-login": "^3.972.79",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-process": "^3.972.72",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-sso": "^3.973.16",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-web-identity": "^3.972.78",
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+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
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+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-env": "^3.972.72",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-http": "^3.972.74",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-ini": "^3.973.17",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-process": "^3.972.72",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-sso": "^3.973.16",
+        "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-web-identity": "^3.972.78",
+        "@aws-sdk/types": "^3.974.6",
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.35.0",
+        "@smithy/credential-provider-imds": "^4.5.2",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
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+      },
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+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
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+        "@aws-sdk/nested-clients": "^3.997.46",
+        "@aws-sdk/types": "^3.974.6",
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+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/middleware-sdk-s3/-/middleware-sdk-s3-3.972.77.tgz",
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+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
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+        "@aws-sdk/signature-v4-multi-region": "^3.996.47",
+        "@aws-sdk/types": "^3.974.6",
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.35.0",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/nested-clients/-/nested-clients-3.997.46.tgz",
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+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
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+        "@aws-sdk/signature-v4-multi-region": "^3.996.47",
+        "@aws-sdk/types": "^3.974.6",
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.35.0",
+        "@smithy/fetch-http-handler": "^5.8.0",
+        "@smithy/node-http-handler": "^4.12.1",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@aws-sdk/signature-v4-multi-region": {
+      "version": "3.996.47",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/signature-v4-multi-region/-/signature-v4-multi-region-3.996.47.tgz",
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+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@aws-sdk/types": "^3.974.6",
+        "@smithy/signature-v4": "^5.7.3",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@aws-sdk/token-providers": {
+      "version": "3.1138.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/token-providers/-/token-providers-3.1138.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GpyAr0DD63YOEmYFM6Df+gJuIgC92MMTiBK4FTKfxii5MJ9ge20epR7LyroulscYlG89J+ZB2ivFDPjvfQhzdw==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@aws-sdk/core": "^3.978.1",
+        "@aws-sdk/nested-clients": "^3.997.46",
+        "@aws-sdk/types": "^3.974.6",
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.35.0",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@aws-sdk/types": {
+      "version": "3.974.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/types/-/types-3.974.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-v/clNZzZnDxGyvpHMOGpJKVXFAExJzUNAAjaWGdcx8QAcXLGwTaOkw33p5SHAi0YAioK32xB3hWwOekRVfmfKg==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@aws-sdk/xml-builder": {
+      "version": "3.972.41",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-sdk/xml-builder/-/xml-builder-3.972.41.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ctjVSyCMegrWfXlx6VqzSBFI6UqmQ5ZlnfMhdLIiWmhoH8UAQxSCP5N3OpG7X3k4LnS7ou74C4mt20+bfTW2aQ==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@aws/lambda-invoke-store": {
+      "version": "0.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws/lambda-invoke-store/-/lambda-invoke-store-0.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sl4Bm6yiMNYrZKkqqDFWN0UfnWhlS8ivKxrYl+6t0gCLrqr8y3B2IqZZbFRkfaVVp7C/baApyh71P+LeE1A2sQ==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-string-parser": {
       "version": "7.29.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.29.7.tgz",
@@ -1501,6 +1813,22 @@
         "@nestjs/core": "^12.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@nestjs/schedule": {
+      "version": "12.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@nestjs/schedule/-/schedule-12.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5iAvJEtk0njbfTrG4JQr+SXw8ZrqgDM1wJH9nUs6tVLCX5pWGd1LJ0a8b089UT1FDeDWaThRRfSLixFz9zztcA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "cron": "4.4.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.19.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@nestjs/common": "^11.0.0 || ^12.0.0",
+        "@nestjs/core": "^11.0.0 || ^12.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@nestjs/schematics": {
       "version": "12.0.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@nestjs/schematics/-/schematics-12.0.5.tgz",
@@ -2806,6 +3134,87 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/is?sponsor=1"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@smithy/core": {
+      "version": "3.35.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@smithy/core/-/core-3.35.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-i4YPS4B6ts7bjn7UwLnGjiZdprOvHvgGobFZsYK3GIY3E5hIqtj0rReU69BcTpGp+fvtraSNXeG1l+jtJvF55w==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@smithy/credential-provider-imds": {
+      "version": "4.5.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@smithy/credential-provider-imds/-/credential-provider-imds-4.5.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-A9uSdn72ozbRUSit0eib0TW7nXuNPlaeM0zcGkJ+nE6tFcSDbnmtwoxbTCFBukVQcszDAyvsd7+rTduPTXpygg==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.33.2",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.17.2",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@smithy/fetch-http-handler": {
+      "version": "5.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@smithy/fetch-http-handler/-/fetch-http-handler-5.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ycSJu3tFAQ4v04CBB0agqFMVsSQ1iG3yw+SpgxRqKfaURpQD4CZ8Wn0zPMmSnOuTpTh65Vz+EA0rMrw089wvkA==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.33.3",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.18.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@smithy/node-http-handler": {
+      "version": "4.12.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@smithy/node-http-handler/-/node-http-handler-4.12.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ThMkboGeONWXAelq9FvGsuJC4rOi+qyC4/zhUF58xYpxUg5sQKx2VXZYJmtNjr4dSuBJ1HeJXETQILCz3wOHvw==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.33.3",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.18.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@smithy/signature-v4": {
+      "version": "5.7.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@smithy/signature-v4/-/signature-v4-5.7.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-tHy0K0VtqNd5Y7Y41h0a0Lhh0L1GzC08dTWg0F7vRJWFtTENg7IZikf3wQkanYIRdb7ngoIPMTmqgUi401fEeQ==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@smithy/core": "^3.35.0",
+        "@smithy/types": "^4.19.0",
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@smithy/types": {
+      "version": "4.19.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@smithy/types/-/types-4.19.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-r7jh49VJxGerfAcTQA6gXcKc+98zOp/tqRwzYjgOE+iSQsP6cEU1hq2QzbuipmP68QtYdY9wKEhiCQZIzHgZ4Q==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tslib": "^2.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@sqltools/formatter": {
       "version": "1.2.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@sqltools/formatter/-/formatter-1.2.5.tgz",
@@ -3072,6 +3481,12 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-MqTGEo5bj5t157U6fA/BiDynNkn0YknVdh48CMPkTSpFTVmvao5UQmm7uEF6xBEo7qIMAlY/JSleYaE6VOdpaA==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@types/luxon": {
+      "version": "3.7.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/luxon/-/luxon-3.7.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6KSjliQAXK8ZLgFQO4B7iE4Rpf/B3rItzCFuXezBY/XIAGxOdLd7vRNK9/StRPwiS/yJsVbB7HKpW46B8tcEuQ==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/@types/methods": {
       "version": "1.1.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/methods/-/methods-1.1.4.tgz",
@@ -3079,6 +3494,16 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@types/multer": {
+      "version": "2.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/multer/-/multer-2.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-i7STIm9V4K2MPH4ZYMtrZAwNxs3kglk2LgleaTuB9pUXgADBcQYQuYMd7+6xgTIxfoggIkFA/DkkvycdZpIARA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/express": "*"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@types/node": {
       "version": "24.13.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-24.13.6.tgz",
@@ -3900,6 +4325,12 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/express"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/bowser": {
+      "version": "2.14.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bowser/-/bowser-2.14.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-tzPjzCxygAKWFOJP011oxFHs57HzIhOEracIgAePE4pqB3LikALKnSzUyU4MGs9/iCEUuHlAJTjTc5M+u7YEGg==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/brace-expansion": {
       "version": "5.0.12",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-5.0.12.tgz",
@@ -4451,6 +4882,23 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/express"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/cron": {
+      "version": "4.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cron/-/cron-4.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-fkdfq+b+AHI4cKdhZlppHveI/mgz2qpiYxcm+t5E5TsxX7QrLS1VE0+7GENEk9z0EeGPcpSciGv6ez24duWhwQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/luxon": "~3.7.0",
+        "luxon": "~3.7.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.x"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "ko-fi",
+        "url": "https://ko-fi.com/intcreator"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/cross-inspect": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-inspect/-/cross-inspect-1.0.1.tgz",
@@ -6467,6 +6915,15 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wellwelwel"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/luxon": {
+      "version": "3.7.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/luxon/-/luxon-3.7.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-vtEhXh/gNjI9Yg1u4jX/0YVPMvxzHuGgCm6tC5kZyb08yjGWGnqAjGJvcXbqQR2P3MyMEFnRbpcdFS6PBcLqew==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/magic-string": {
       "version": "1.4.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/magic-string/-/magic-string-1.4.1.tgz",

package.json

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "@apollo/server": "^5.5.1",
     "@as-integrations/express5": "^1.1.2",
+    "@aws-sdk/client-s3": "^3.1145.0",
     "@better-auth/prisma-adapter": "^1.7.2",
     "@nestjs/apollo": "^14.0.0",
     "@nestjs/common": "^12.0.1",
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
     "@nestjs/event-emitter": "^12.0.1",
     "@nestjs/graphql": "^14.0.0",
     "@nestjs/platform-express": "^12.0.1",
+    "@nestjs/schedule": "^12.0.2",
     "@nestjs/typeorm": "^12.0.1",
     "@prisma/adapter-pg": "^7.10.0",
     "@prisma/client": "^7.10.0",
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@
     "better-auth": "^1.7.2",
     "class-transformer": "^0.5.1",
     "class-validator": "^0.15.1",
+    "file-type": "^22.1.1",
     "graphql": "^16.14.2",
     "nodemailer": "^10.0.0",
     "pg": "^8.23.0",
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@
     "@nestjs/schematics": "^12.0.0",
     "@nestjs/testing": "^12.0.1",
     "@types/express": "^5.0.0",
+    "@types/multer": "^2.3.0",
     "@types/node": "^24.0.0",
     "@types/pg": "^8.23.1",
     "@types/supertest": "^7.0.0",

prisma/migrations/20261002045355_file/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "file" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "storageKey" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "fileName" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "mimeType" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "size" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    "uploaderId" TEXT,
+    "createdAt" TIMESTAMPTZ(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+
+    CONSTRAINT "file_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "file_uploaderId_idx" ON "file"("uploaderId");
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "file_createdAt_idx" ON "file"("createdAt");
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "file_storageKey_key" ON "file"("storageKey");
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "file" ADD CONSTRAINT "file_uploaderId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("uploaderId") REFERENCES "user"("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+

prisma/migrations/20261002050156_issue_attachment/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "issue_attachment" (
+    "issueId" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    "fileId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "createdAt" TIMESTAMPTZ(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+
+    CONSTRAINT "issue_attachment_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("issueId","fileId")
+);
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "issue_attachment_fileId_idx" ON "issue_attachment"("fileId");
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "issue_attachment" ADD CONSTRAINT "issue_attachment_issueId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("issueId") REFERENCES "issue"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "issue_attachment" ADD CONSTRAINT "issue_attachment_fileId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("fileId") REFERENCES "file"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+

prisma/migrations/20261002060755_comment_attachment/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "comment_attachment" (
+    "commentId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "fileId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "createdAt" TIMESTAMPTZ(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+
+    CONSTRAINT "comment_attachment_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("commentId","fileId")
+);
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "comment_attachment_fileId_idx" ON "comment_attachment"("fileId");
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "comment_attachment" ADD CONSTRAINT "comment_attachment_commentId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("commentId") REFERENCES "comment"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "comment_attachment" ADD CONSTRAINT "comment_attachment_fileId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("fileId") REFERENCES "file"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
+

prisma/schema.prisma

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ model User {
   notificationPreferences  NotificationPreference[]
   notificationMessages     NotificationMessage[]
   comments                 Comment[]
+  uploadedFiles            File[]
 
   @@unique([email])
   @@map("user")
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ model Issue {
   project     Project           @relation(fields: [projectId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   dueDate     DateTime?         @db.Timestamptz(3)
   comments    Comment[]
+  attachments IssueAttachment[]
   createdAt   DateTime          @default(now()) @db.Timestamptz(3)
   updatedAt   DateTime          @updatedAt @db.Timestamptz(3)
 
@@ -204,8 +206,61 @@ model Comment {
   deletedAt   DateTime?           @db.Timestamptz(3)
   createdAt   DateTime            @default(now()) @db.Timestamptz(3)
   updatedAt   DateTime            @updatedAt @db.Timestamptz(3)
+  attachments CommentAttachment[]
 
   @@index([issueId, createdAt])
   @@index([authorId])
   @@map("comment")
 }
+
+/// Загруженный файл. Ничего не знает о владельце: к задачам, комментариям и т.п.
+/// файлы привязываются через таблицы связей в модулях-владельцах.
+/// Файл, на который никто не ссылается, считается сиротой и удаляется GC.
+/// storageKey — ключ объекта в хранилище, имя от пользователя в него не попадает.
+model File {
+  id         String   @id @default(uuid(7))
+  storageKey String
+  fileName   String
+  mimeType   String
+  size       Int
+  uploaderId String?
+  uploader   User?    @relation(fields: [uploaderId], references: [id], onDelete: SetNull)
+  createdAt  DateTime @default(now()) @db.Timestamptz(3)
+
+  issueAttachments   IssueAttachment[]
+  commentAttachments CommentAttachment[]
+
+  @@unique([storageKey])
+  @@index([uploaderId])
+  @@index([createdAt])
+  @@map("file")
+}
+
+/// Вложение задачи — связь задачи с файлом. Удаление задачи или файла
+/// удаляет связь каскадом; сам файл, оставшийся без связей, удалит GC.
+model IssueAttachment {
+  issueId   Int
+  issue     Issue    @relation(fields: [issueId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  fileId    String
+  file      File     @relation(fields: [fileId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  createdAt DateTime @default(now()) @db.Timestamptz(3)
+
+  @@id([issueId, fileId])
+  @@index([fileId])
+  @@map("issue_attachment")
+}
+
+/// Вложение комментария — связь комментария с файлом. Управляется вместе
+/// с комментарием (fileIds в create/update); при мягком удалении комментария
+/// связи снимаются, чтобы файлы забрал GC.
+model CommentAttachment {
+  commentId String
+  comment   Comment  @relation(fields: [commentId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  fileId    String
+  file      File     @relation(fields: [fileId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+  createdAt DateTime @default(now()) @db.Timestamptz(3)
+
+  @@id([commentId, fileId])
+  @@index([fileId])
+  @@map("comment_attachment")
+}

src/app.module.ts

@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@ import { UserModule } from './modules/user/user.module.js';
 import { StatusModule } from './modules/status/status.module.js';
 import { NotificationModule } from './modules/notification/notification.module.js';
 import { CommentModule } from './modules/comment/comment.module.js';
+import { FileModule } from './modules/file/file.module.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentModule } from './modules/issue-attachment/issue-attachment.module.js';
 import { AuthModule } from '@thallesp/nestjs-better-auth';
 import { auth } from './lib/auth.js';
 import { ConfigModule } from '@nestjs/config';
 import { EventEmitterModule } from '@nestjs/event-emitter';
+import { ScheduleModule } from '@nestjs/schedule';
 import { GraphQLModule } from '@nestjs/graphql';
 import { ApolloDriver, type ApolloDriverConfig } from '@nestjs/apollo';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
@@ -24,6 +27,8 @@ import { join } from 'node:path';
     // Внутрипроцессная шина доменных событий. Notification-модуль слушает
     // события через неё, не завязываясь на модули, которые их порождают.
     EventEmitterModule.forRoot(),
+    // Периодические задачи (@Cron), например сборка файлов-сирот в FileModule
+    ScheduleModule.forRoot(),
     GraphQLModule.forRoot<ApolloDriverConfig>({
       driver: ApolloDriver,
       autoSchemaFile: join(process.cwd(), 'src/schema.gql'),
@@ -48,6 +53,8 @@ import { join } from 'node:path';
     StatusModule,
     NotificationModule,
     CommentModule,
+    FileModule,
+    IssueAttachmentModule,
   ],
   controllers: [AppController],
   providers: [AppService],

src/common/interceptors/transform-response.interceptor.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { CallHandler, ExecutionContext, Injectable, NestInterceptor } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { CallHandler, ExecutionContext, Injectable, NestInterceptor, StreamableFile } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
 import { map } from 'rxjs/operators';
 import { SSE_METADATA } from '@nestjs/common/constants.js';
@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ export class TransformResponseInterceptor<T> implements NestInterceptor<
 
     return next.handle().pipe(
       map((result) => {
+        // Файл отдаётся потоком как есть — обёртка {data, code} сломала бы скачивание
+        if (result instanceof StreamableFile) {
+          return result;
+        }
+
         if (isPaginatedResult<T>(result)) {
           return {
             data: result.data ?? null,

src/modules/comment/application/dto/comment.dto.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { UserDto } from '../../../user/application/dto/user.dto.js';
+import { FileDto } from '../../../file/application/dto/file.dto.js';
 
 export class CommentDto {
   id: string;
@@ -8,6 +9,8 @@ export class CommentDto {
   author: UserDto | null;
   /** null у удалённого комментария — текст наружу не отдаём */
   content: string | null;
+  /** Пусто у удалённого комментария. Скачивание — GET /files/:id/download */
+  attachments: FileDto[];
   editedAt: Date | null;
   deletedAt: Date | null;
   createdAt: Date;

src/modules/comment/application/mappers/comment-application.mapper.spec.ts

@@ -13,12 +13,13 @@ const author: UserDto = {
   updatedAt: new Date('2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
 };
 
-const buildComment = (deletedAt: Date | null = null, authorId: string | null = 'user-1') =>
+const buildComment = (deletedAt: Date | null = null, authorId: string | null = 'user-1', fileIds: string[] = []) =>
   Comment.reconstitute({
     id: 'comment-1',
     content: 'Secret',
     issueId: 1,
     authorId,
+    fileIds,
     editedAt: null,
     deletedAt,
     createdAt: new Date('2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
@@ -46,4 +47,28 @@ describe('CommentApplicationMapper', () => {
     expect(dto.authorId).toBeNull();
     expect(dto.author).toBeNull();
   });
+
+  it('expands attachments and skips files that no longer exist', () => {
+    const file = {
+      id: 'file-1',
+      fileName: 'a.png',
+      mimeType: 'image/png',
+      size: 1,
+      uploaderId: 'user-1',
+      createdAt: new Date('2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+    };
+    const dto = CommentApplicationMapper.toDto(
+      buildComment(null, 'user-1', ['file-1', 'gone']),
+      new Map(),
+      new Map([[file.id, file]]),
+    );
+
+    expect(dto.attachments).toEqual([file]);
+  });
+
+  it('hides attachments of a deleted comment', () => {
+    const dto = CommentApplicationMapper.toDto(buildComment(new Date(), 'user-1', ['file-1']), new Map(), new Map());
+
+    expect(dto.attachments).toEqual([]);
+  });
 });

src/modules/comment/application/mappers/comment-application.mapper.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,27 @@
 import { Comment } from '../../domain/entities/comment.entity.js';
 import { CommentDto } from '../dto/comment.dto.js';
 import { UserDto } from '../../../user/application/dto/user.dto.js';
+import { FileDto } from '../../../file/application/dto/file.dto.js';
 
 export class CommentApplicationMapper {
-  static toDto(comment: Comment, usersById: ReadonlyMap<string, UserDto>): CommentDto {
+  static toDto(
+    comment: Comment,
+    usersById: ReadonlyMap<string, UserDto>,
+    filesById: ReadonlyMap<string, FileDto> = new Map(),
+  ): CommentDto {
     return {
       id: comment.id as string,
       issueId: comment.issueId,
       authorId: comment.authorId,
       author: comment.authorId ? (usersById.get(comment.authorId) ?? null) : null,
       content: comment.isDeleted ? null : comment.content,
+      // Файл могли удалить между запросами — такое вложение просто не показываем
+      attachments: comment.isDeleted
+        ? []
+        : comment.fileIds.flatMap((fileId) => {
+            const file = filesById.get(fileId);
+            return file ? [file] : [];
+          }),
       editedAt: comment.editedAt,
       deletedAt: comment.deletedAt,
       createdAt: comment.createdAt,

src/modules/comment/application/services/comment-attachment-file-owner.service.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { ICommentRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IIssueRepository } from '../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { FileOwnerRegistry } from '../../../file/application/services/file-owner.registry.js';
+import { CommentAttachmentFileOwnerService } from './comment-attachment-file-owner.service.js';
+import { buildIssue, mockCommentRepository, mockIssueRepository } from '../use-cases/test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('CommentAttachmentFileOwnerService', () => {
+  let commentRepository: ICommentRepository;
+  let issueRepository: IIssueRepository;
+  let registry: FileOwnerRegistry;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    commentRepository = mockCommentRepository();
+    issueRepository = mockIssueRepository();
+    registry = new FileOwnerRegistry();
+    new CommentAttachmentFileOwnerService(commentRepository, issueRepository, registry).onModuleInit();
+  });
+
+  it('registers itself, so GC keeps files attached to comments', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(commentRepository.findReferencedFileIds).mockResolvedValue(['a']);
+
+    expect(await registry.findReferenced(['a', 'b'])).toEqual(new Set(['a']));
+  });
+
+  it('makes a file visible to users who see the issue of its comment', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(commentRepository.findIssueIdsByAttachedFile).mockResolvedValue([1]);
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildIssue());
+
+    expect(await registry.isVisibleThroughAnyOwner('file-1', 'user-2')).toBe(true);
+    expect(issueRepository.findById).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 'user-2');
+  });
+
+  it('hides a file when the issue is not visible', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(commentRepository.findIssueIdsByAttachedFile).mockResolvedValue([1]);
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    expect(await registry.isVisibleThroughAnyOwner('file-1', 'user-3')).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

src/modules/comment/application/services/comment-attachment-file-owner.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable, type OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { COMMENT_REPOSITORY, type ICommentRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.js';
+import {
+  ISSUE_REPOSITORY,
+  type IIssueRepository,
+} from '../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { FileOwnerRegistry, type FileOwner } from '../../../file/application/services/file-owner.registry.js';
+
+/**
+ * Регистрирует комментарии как владельца файлов: без этого GC file-модуля
+ * считал бы прикреплённые к комментариям файлы сиротами и удалял их.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class CommentAttachmentFileOwnerService implements FileOwner, OnModuleInit {
+  readonly name = 'comment';
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(COMMENT_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly commentRepository: ICommentRepository,
+    @Inject(ISSUE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly issueRepository: IIssueRepository,
+    private readonly fileOwners: FileOwnerRegistry,
+  ) {}
+
+  onModuleInit(): void {
+    this.fileOwners.register(this);
+  }
+
+  findReferenced(fileIds: string[]): Promise<string[]> {
+    return this.commentRepository.findReferencedFileIds(fileIds);
+  }
+
+  /** Файл виден, если видна задача хоть одного неудалённого комментария с ним */
+  async isVisibleThrough(fileId: string, userId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    const issueIds = await this.commentRepository.findIssueIdsByAttachedFile(fileId);
+
+    for (const issueId of issueIds) {
+      if (await this.issueRepository.findById(issueId, userId)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}

src/modules/comment/application/services/comment-expander.service.ts

@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@ import { CommentDto } from '../dto/comment.dto.js';
 import { CommentApplicationMapper } from '../mappers/comment-application.mapper.js';
 import { GetUsersUseCase } from '../../../user/application/use-cases/get-users/get-users.use-case.js';
 import { GetUsersQuery } from '../../../user/application/use-cases/get-users/get-users.query.js';
+import { GetFilesUseCase } from '../../../file/application/use-cases/get-files/get-files.use-case.js';
+import { GetFilesQuery } from '../../../file/application/use-cases/get-files/get-files.query.js';
 
-/** Раскрывает автора комментария (или списка комментариев) в полноценного пользователя */
+/** Раскрывает автора и вложения комментария (или списка комментариев) */
 @Injectable()
-export class CommentAuthorExpanderService {
+export class CommentExpanderService {
-  constructor(private readonly getUsersUseCase: GetUsersUseCase) {}
+  constructor(
+    private readonly getUsersUseCase: GetUsersUseCase,
+    private readonly getFilesUseCase: GetFilesUseCase,
+  ) {}
 
   async expand(comment: Comment): Promise<CommentDto> {
     const [dto] = await this.expandAll([comment]);
@@ -19,9 +24,15 @@ export class CommentAuthorExpanderService {
     if (comments.length === 0) return [];
 
     const userIds = [...new Set(comments.map((comment) => comment.authorId).filter((id): id is string => Boolean(id)))];
-    const users = userIds.length > 0 ? await this.getUsersUseCase.execute(new GetUsersQuery(userIds)) : [];
+    const fileIds = comments.flatMap((comment) => comment.fileIds);
-    const usersById = new Map(users.map((user) => [user.id, user]));
 
-    return comments.map((comment) => CommentApplicationMapper.toDto(comment, usersById));
+    const [users, files] = await Promise.all([
+      userIds.length > 0 ? this.getUsersUseCase.execute(new GetUsersQuery(userIds)) : [],
+      fileIds.length > 0 ? this.getFilesUseCase.execute(new GetFilesQuery(fileIds)) : [],
+    ]);
+    const usersById = new Map(users.map((user) => [user.id, user]));
+    const filesById = new Map(files.map((file) => [file.id, file]));
+
+    return comments.map((comment) => CommentApplicationMapper.toDto(comment, usersById, filesById));
   }
 }

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/create-comment/create-comment.command.ts

@@ -3,5 +3,7 @@ export class CreateCommentCommand {
     public readonly issueId: number,
     public readonly authorId: string,
     public readonly content: string,
+    /** Файлы, заранее загруженные автором через POST /files */
+    public readonly fileIds: string[] = [],
   ) {}
 }

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/create-comment/create-comment.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,14 @@ import { Comment } from '../../../domain/entities/comment.entity.js';
 import { CommentEventsService } from '../../services/comment-events.service.js';
 import { CreateCommentUseCase } from './create-comment.use-case.js';
 import { CreateCommentCommand } from './create-comment.command.js';
-import { buildIssue, mockAuthorExpander, mockCommentRepository, mockIssueRepository } from '../test-helpers.js';
+import { FileForbiddenException } from '../../../../file/domain/exceptions/file-forbidden.exception.js';
+import {
+  buildIssue,
+  mockCommentExpander,
+  mockCommentRepository,
+  mockFileAccess,
+  mockIssueRepository,
+} from '../test-helpers.js';
 
 describe('CreateCommentUseCase', () => {
   let commentRepository: ICommentRepository;
@@ -18,7 +25,13 @@ describe('CreateCommentUseCase', () => {
     commentRepository = mockCommentRepository();
     issueRepository = mockIssueRepository();
     commentEventsService = new CommentEventsService();
-    useCase = new CreateCommentUseCase(commentRepository, issueRepository, mockAuthorExpander(), commentEventsService);
+    useCase = new CreateCommentUseCase(
+      commentRepository,
+      issueRepository,
+      mockCommentExpander(),
+      commentEventsService,
+      mockFileAccess({ foreign: new FileForbiddenException('foreign') }),
+    );
 
     vi.mocked(commentRepository.create).mockImplementation(async (comment: Comment) =>
       Comment.reconstitute({
@@ -26,6 +39,7 @@ describe('CreateCommentUseCase', () => {
         content: comment.content,
         issueId: comment.issueId,
         authorId: comment.authorId,
+        fileIds: [...comment.fileIds],
         editedAt: null,
         deletedAt: null,
         createdAt: comment.createdAt,
@@ -54,4 +68,21 @@ describe('CreateCommentUseCase', () => {
     );
     expect(commentRepository.create).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
+
+  it('saves own files as attachments', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildIssue());
+
+    await useCase.execute(new CreateCommentCommand(1, 'user-1', 'Hello', ['b', 'a', 'b']));
+
+    expect(vi.mocked(commentRepository.create).mock.calls[0]![0].fileIds).toEqual(['a', 'b']);
+  });
+
+  it('does not create the comment when a file is not attachable', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildIssue());
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new CreateCommentCommand(1, 'user-1', 'Hello', ['a', 'foreign']))).rejects.toThrow(
+      FileForbiddenException,
+    );
+    expect(commentRepository.create).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
 });

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/create-comment/create-comment.use-case.ts

@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issu
 import { Comment } from '../../../domain/entities/comment.entity.js';
 import { CreateCommentCommand } from './create-comment.command.js';
 import { CommentDto } from '../../dto/comment.dto.js';
-import { CommentAuthorExpanderService } from '../../services/comment-author-expander.service.js';
+import { CommentExpanderService } from '../../services/comment-expander.service.js';
 import { CommentEventsService } from '../../services/comment-events.service.js';
+import { FileAccessService } from '../../../../file/application/services/file-access.service.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class CreateCommentUseCase {
@@ -21,8 +22,9 @@ export class CreateCommentUseCase {
     private readonly commentRepository: ICommentRepository,
     @Inject(ISSUE_REPOSITORY)
     private readonly issueRepository: IIssueRepository,
-    private readonly commentAuthorExpander: CommentAuthorExpanderService,
+    private readonly commentExpander: CommentExpanderService,
     private readonly commentEventsService: CommentEventsService,
+    private readonly fileAccess: FileAccessService,
   ) {}
 
   async execute(command: CreateCommentCommand): Promise<CommentDto> {
@@ -36,10 +38,16 @@ export class CreateCommentUseCase {
       issueId: command.issueId,
       authorId: command.authorId,
       content: command.content,
+      fileIds: command.fileIds,
     });
 
+    // Прикреплять можно только свои файлы (см. FileAccessService.getAttachableFile)
+    for (const fileId of comment.fileIds) {
+      await this.fileAccess.getAttachableFile(fileId, command.authorId);
+    }
+
     const saved = await this.commentRepository.create(comment);
-    const dto = await this.commentAuthorExpander.expand(saved);
+    const dto = await this.commentExpander.expand(saved);
 
     this.commentEventsService.emit('comment.created', dto);
 

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/delete-comment/delete-comment.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { DeleteCommentCommand } from './delete-comment.command.js';
 import {
   buildComment,
   buildIssue,
-  mockAuthorExpander,
+  mockCommentExpander,
   mockCommentRepository,
   mockIssueRepository,
 } from '../test-helpers.js';
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ describe('DeleteCommentUseCase', () => {
     useCase = new DeleteCommentUseCase(
       commentRepository,
       new CommentAccessService(commentRepository, issueRepository),
-      mockAuthorExpander(),
+      mockCommentExpander(),
       commentEventsService,
     );
     vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildIssue());
@@ -49,6 +49,16 @@ describe('DeleteCommentUseCase', () => {
     expect(received[0]!.comment.content).toBeNull();
   });
 
+  it('drops attachments so GC can collect the files', async () => {
+    const comment = buildComment();
+    comment.edit('Original', 'user-1', ['file-1']);
+    vi.mocked(commentRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(comment);
+
+    await useCase.execute(new DeleteCommentCommand('comment-1', 'user-1'));
+
+    expect(vi.mocked(commentRepository.update).mock.calls[0]![0].fileIds).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
   it('throws CommentForbiddenException for a non-author', async () => {
     vi.mocked(commentRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildComment());
 

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/delete-comment/delete-comment.use-case.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   type ICommentRepository,
 } from '../../../domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.js';
 import { DeleteCommentCommand } from './delete-comment.command.js';
-import { CommentAuthorExpanderService } from '../../services/comment-author-expander.service.js';
+import { CommentExpanderService } from '../../services/comment-expander.service.js';
 import { CommentEventsService } from '../../services/comment-events.service.js';
 import { CommentAccessService } from '../../services/comment-access.service.js';
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export class DeleteCommentUseCase {
     @Inject(COMMENT_REPOSITORY)
     private readonly commentRepository: ICommentRepository,
     private readonly commentAccess: CommentAccessService,
-    private readonly commentAuthorExpander: CommentAuthorExpanderService,
+    private readonly commentExpander: CommentExpanderService,
     private readonly commentEventsService: CommentEventsService,
   ) {}
 
@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@ export class DeleteCommentUseCase {
     comment.delete(command.userId);
     await this.commentRepository.update(comment);
 
-    this.commentEventsService.emit('comment.deleted', await this.commentAuthorExpander.expand(comment));
+    this.commentEventsService.emit('comment.deleted', await this.commentExpander.expand(comment));
   }
 }

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/list-comments/list-comments.query.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+import type { CommentListDirection } from '../../../domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.js';
+
 export class ListCommentsQuery {
   constructor(
     public readonly issueId: number,
     public readonly userId: string,
     public readonly limit: number,
     public readonly cursor?: string,
+    public readonly direction: CommentListDirection = 'forward',
   ) {}
 }

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/list-comments/list-comments.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { ListCommentsQuery } from './list-comments.query.js';
 import {
   buildComment,
   buildIssue,
-  mockAuthorExpander,
+  mockCommentExpander,
   mockCommentRepository,
   mockIssueRepository,
 } from '../test-helpers.js';
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ describe('ListCommentsUseCase', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     commentRepository = mockCommentRepository();
     issueRepository = mockIssueRepository();
-    useCase = new ListCommentsUseCase(commentRepository, issueRepository, mockAuthorExpander());
+    useCase = new ListCommentsUseCase(commentRepository, issueRepository, mockCommentExpander());
   });
 
   it('forwards pagination params and returns the next cursor', async () => {
@@ -32,11 +32,30 @@ describe('ListCommentsUseCase', () => {
 
     const result = await useCase.execute(new ListCommentsQuery(1, 'user-1', 1, 'comment-1'));
 
-    expect(commentRepository.findByIssue).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ issueId: 1, limit: 1, cursor: 'comment-1' });
+    expect(commentRepository.findByIssue).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      issueId: 1,
+      limit: 1,
+      cursor: 'comment-1',
+      direction: 'forward',
+    });
     expect(result.list.map((comment) => comment.id)).toEqual(['comment-2']);
     expect(result.nextCursor).toBe('comment-2');
   });
 
+  it('forwards the backward direction for chat-style paging', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildIssue());
+    vi.mocked(commentRepository.findByIssue).mockResolvedValue({ list: [], nextCursor: null });
+
+    await useCase.execute(new ListCommentsQuery(1, 'user-1', 20, 'comment-5', 'backward'));
+
+    expect(commentRepository.findByIssue).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      issueId: 1,
+      limit: 20,
+      cursor: 'comment-5',
+      direction: 'backward',
+    });
+  });
+
   it('throws IssueNotFoundException when the issue is not visible to the user', async () => {
     vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(null);
 

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/list-comments/list-comments.use-case.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
 import { ListCommentsQuery } from './list-comments.query.js';
 import { CommentDto } from '../../dto/comment.dto.js';
-import { CommentAuthorExpanderService } from '../../services/comment-author-expander.service.js';
+import { CommentExpanderService } from '../../services/comment-expander.service.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class ListCommentsUseCase {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export class ListCommentsUseCase {
     private readonly commentRepository: ICommentRepository,
     @Inject(ISSUE_REPOSITORY)
     private readonly issueRepository: IIssueRepository,
-    private readonly commentAuthorExpander: CommentAuthorExpanderService,
+    private readonly commentExpander: CommentExpanderService,
   ) {}
 
   async execute(query: ListCommentsQuery): Promise<{ list: CommentDto[]; nextCursor: string | null }> {
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ export class ListCommentsUseCase {
       issueId: query.issueId,
       limit: query.limit,
       cursor: query.cursor,
+      direction: query.direction,
     });
 
-    return { list: await this.commentAuthorExpander.expandAll(list), nextCursor };
+    return { list: await this.commentExpander.expandAll(list), nextCursor };
   }
 }

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/test-helpers.ts

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ import type { ICommentRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/comment.repos
 import type { IIssueRepository } from '../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
 import { Comment } from '../../domain/entities/comment.entity.js';
 import { Issue } from '../../../issue/domain/entities/issue.entity.js';
-import { CommentAuthorExpanderService } from '../services/comment-author-expander.service.js';
+import { CommentExpanderService } from '../services/comment-expander.service.js';
 import { CommentApplicationMapper } from '../mappers/comment-application.mapper.js';
+import type { FileAccessService } from '../../../file/application/services/file-access.service.js';
 
 export const buildComment = (
   overrides: Partial<{ id: string; issueId: number; authorId: string; deletedAt: Date | null }> = {},
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ export const mockCommentRepository = (): ICommentRepository => ({
   findByIssue: vi.fn(),
   create: vi.fn(),
   update: vi.fn(),
+  findIssueIdsByAttachedFile: vi.fn(),
+  findReferencedFileIds: vi.fn(),
 });
 
 export const mockIssueRepository = (): IIssueRepository => ({
@@ -53,11 +56,20 @@ export const mockIssueRepository = (): IIssueRepository => ({
   delete: vi.fn(),
 });
 
-/** Экспандер без похода за пользователями: author всегда null */
+/** Все файлы прикрепляемы, кроме перечисленных — для них бросается заданная ошибка */
-export const mockAuthorExpander = () => {
+export const mockFileAccess = (rejections: Record<string, Error> = {}) =>
+  ({
+    getAttachableFile: vi.fn(async (fileId: string) => {
+      if (rejections[fileId]) throw rejections[fileId];
+      return { id: fileId };
+    }),
+  }) as unknown as FileAccessService;
+
+/** Экспандер без похода за пользователями и файлами: author всегда null, attachments пустые */
+export const mockCommentExpander = () => {
   const toDto = (comment: Comment) => CommentApplicationMapper.toDto(comment, new Map());
   return {
     expand: vi.fn(async (comment: Comment) => toDto(comment)),
     expandAll: vi.fn(async (comments: Comment[]) => comments.map(toDto)),
-  } as unknown as CommentAuthorExpanderService;
+  } as unknown as CommentExpanderService;
 };

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/update-comment/update-comment.command.ts

@@ -3,5 +3,7 @@ export class UpdateCommentCommand {
     public readonly id: string,
     public readonly userId: string,
     public readonly content: string,
+    /** Новый набор вложений целиком; undefined — не менять */
+    public readonly fileIds?: string[],
   ) {}
 }

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/update-comment/update-comment.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@ import { UpdateCommentCommand } from './update-comment.command.js';
 import {
   buildComment,
   buildIssue,
-  mockAuthorExpander,
+  mockCommentExpander,
   mockCommentRepository,
+  mockFileAccess,
   mockIssueRepository,
 } from '../test-helpers.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../../../file/domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
+import type { FileAccessService } from '../../../../file/application/services/file-access.service.js';
 
 describe('UpdateCommentUseCase', () => {
   let commentRepository: ICommentRepository;
@@ -21,16 +24,19 @@ describe('UpdateCommentUseCase', () => {
   let commentEventsService: CommentEventsService;
   let useCase: UpdateCommentUseCase;
   let received: unknown[];
+  let fileAccess: FileAccessService;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     commentRepository = mockCommentRepository();
     issueRepository = mockIssueRepository();
     commentEventsService = new CommentEventsService();
+    fileAccess = mockFileAccess({ gone: new FileNotFoundException('gone') });
     useCase = new UpdateCommentUseCase(
       commentRepository,
       new CommentAccessService(commentRepository, issueRepository),
-      mockAuthorExpander(),
+      mockCommentExpander(),
       commentEventsService,
+      fileAccess,
     );
     received = [];
     commentEventsService.onEvents().subscribe((event) => received.push(event));
@@ -82,4 +88,25 @@ describe('UpdateCommentUseCase', () => {
       CommentNotFoundException,
     );
   });
+
+  it('replaces attachments, checking only newly added files', async () => {
+    const comment = buildComment();
+    comment.edit('Original', 'user-1', ['kept', 'removed']);
+    vi.mocked(commentRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(comment);
+
+    await useCase.execute(new UpdateCommentCommand('comment-1', 'user-1', 'Original', ['kept', 'new']));
+
+    expect(fileAccess.getAttachableFile).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith('new', 'user-1');
+    expect(vi.mocked(commentRepository.update).mock.calls[0]![0].fileIds).toEqual(['kept', 'new']);
+    expect(received).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it('does not save when an added file is gone', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(commentRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildComment());
+
+    await expect(
+      useCase.execute(new UpdateCommentCommand('comment-1', 'user-1', 'Original', ['gone'])),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(FileNotFoundException);
+    expect(commentRepository.update).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
 });

src/modules/comment/application/use-cases/update-comment/update-comment.use-case.ts

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ import {
 } from '../../../domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.js';
 import { UpdateCommentCommand } from './update-comment.command.js';
 import { CommentDto } from '../../dto/comment.dto.js';
-import { CommentAuthorExpanderService } from '../../services/comment-author-expander.service.js';
+import { CommentExpanderService } from '../../services/comment-expander.service.js';
 import { CommentEventsService } from '../../services/comment-events.service.js';
 import { CommentAccessService } from '../../services/comment-access.service.js';
+import { FileAccessService } from '../../../../file/application/services/file-access.service.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class UpdateCommentUseCase {
@@ -15,19 +16,29 @@ export class UpdateCommentUseCase {
     @Inject(COMMENT_REPOSITORY)
     private readonly commentRepository: ICommentRepository,
     private readonly commentAccess: CommentAccessService,
-    private readonly commentAuthorExpander: CommentAuthorExpanderService,
+    private readonly commentExpander: CommentExpanderService,
     private readonly commentEventsService: CommentEventsService,
+    private readonly fileAccess: FileAccessService,
   ) {}
 
   async execute(command: UpdateCommentCommand): Promise<CommentDto> {
     const comment = await this.commentAccess.getVisibleComment(command.id, command.userId);
+    const attachedBefore = new Set(comment.fileIds);
+
+    const changed = comment.edit(command.content, command.userId, command.fileIds);
+
+    // Проверяем только добавленные файлы: уже прикреплённые проверены при прикреплении
+    for (const fileId of comment.fileIds) {
+      if (!attachedBefore.has(fileId)) {
+        await this.fileAccess.getAttachableFile(fileId, command.userId);
+      }
+    }
 
-    const changed = comment.edit(command.content, command.userId);
     if (changed) {
       await this.commentRepository.update(comment);
     }
 
-    const dto = await this.commentAuthorExpander.expand(comment);
+    const dto = await this.commentExpander.expand(comment);
 
     if (changed) {
       this.commentEventsService.emit('comment.updated', dto);

src/modules/comment/comment.module.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { PrismaModule } from '../../common/prisma-adapter/prisma.module.js';
 import { IssueModule } from '../issue/issue.module.js';
 import { UserModule } from '../user/user.module.js';
+import { FileModule } from '../file/file.module.js';
 import { COMMENT_REPOSITORY } from './domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.js';
 import { CommentPrismaRepository } from './infrastructure/persistence/prisma/repositories/comment.prisma-repository.js';
 import { CommentController } from './presentation/controllers/comment.controller.js';
@@ -11,11 +12,12 @@ import { UpdateCommentUseCase } from './application/use-cases/update-comment/upd
 import { DeleteCommentUseCase } from './application/use-cases/delete-comment/delete-comment.use-case.js';
 import { WatchIssueCommentsUseCase } from './application/use-cases/watch-issue-comments/watch-issue-comments.use-case.js';
 import { CommentAccessService } from './application/services/comment-access.service.js';
-import { CommentAuthorExpanderService } from './application/services/comment-author-expander.service.js';
+import { CommentExpanderService } from './application/services/comment-expander.service.js';
 import { CommentEventsService } from './application/services/comment-events.service.js';
+import { CommentAttachmentFileOwnerService } from './application/services/comment-attachment-file-owner.service.js';
 
 @Module({
-  imports: [PrismaModule, IssueModule, UserModule],
+  imports: [PrismaModule, IssueModule, UserModule, FileModule],
   controllers: [CommentController],
   providers: [
     CreateCommentUseCase,
@@ -24,8 +26,9 @@ import { CommentEventsService } from './application/services/comment-events.serv
     DeleteCommentUseCase,
     WatchIssueCommentsUseCase,
     CommentAccessService,
-    CommentAuthorExpanderService,
+    CommentExpanderService,
     CommentEventsService,
+    CommentAttachmentFileOwnerService,
     {
       // Domain видит только интерфейс ICommentRepository,
       // конкретную реализацию (Prisma) подставляет DI-контейнер здесь

src/modules/comment/domain/entities/comment.entity.spec.ts

@@ -73,4 +73,50 @@ describe('Comment', () => {
       expect(() => buildComment().delete('user-2')).toThrow(CommentForbiddenException);
     });
   });
+
+  describe('attachments', () => {
+    it('creates a comment with deduplicated files', () => {
+      const comment = Comment.create({ issueId: 1, authorId: 'user-1', content: 'Hi', fileIds: ['a', 'b', 'a'] });
+
+      expect(comment.fileIds).toEqual(['a', 'b']);
+    });
+
+    it('limits the number of files', () => {
+      const fileIds = Array.from({ length: Comment.MAX_ATTACHMENTS + 1 }, (_, i) => `f${i}`);
+
+      expect(() => Comment.create({ issueId: 1, authorId: 'user-1', content: 'Hi', fileIds })).toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('treats a changed file set as an edit, even with the same text', () => {
+      const comment = buildComment();
+
+      expect(comment.edit('Original', 'user-1', ['a'])).toBe(true);
+      expect(comment.fileIds).toEqual(['a']);
+      expect(comment.editedAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+    });
+
+    it('keeps files when fileIds is not passed', () => {
+      const comment = buildComment();
+      comment.edit('Original', 'user-1', ['a']);
+
+      expect(comment.edit('Changed', 'user-1')).toBe(true);
+      expect(comment.fileIds).toEqual(['a']);
+    });
+
+    it('reports no change for the same text and files', () => {
+      const comment = buildComment();
+      comment.edit('Original', 'user-1', ['a', 'b']);
+
+      expect(comment.edit('Original', 'user-1', ['a', 'b'])).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('drops files on delete so GC can collect them', () => {
+      const comment = buildComment();
+      comment.edit('Original', 'user-1', ['a']);
+
+      comment.delete('user-1');
+
+      expect(comment.fileIds).toEqual([]);
+    });
+  });
 });

src/modules/comment/domain/entities/comment.entity.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ interface CommentProps {
   issueId: number;
   /** null — автор удалил аккаунт */
   authorId: string | null;
+  /** Прикреплённые файлы (file-модуль), по времени загрузки */
+  fileIds: string[];
   editedAt: Date | null;
   deletedAt: Date | null;
   createdAt: Date;
@@ -17,14 +19,19 @@ interface CommentProps {
  * Комментарий к задаче. Удаление мягкое: запись остаётся (deletedAt),
  * чтобы в ленте можно было показать «комментарий удалён».
  *
+ * Вложения — часть комментария: задаются при создании и правке,
+ * снимаются при удалении (тогда осиротевшие файлы удалит GC file-модуля).
+ *
  * `id` (uuid v7) генерируется базой, поэтому у нового комментария
  * он равен null до сохранения в репозитории.
  */
 export class Comment {
+  static readonly MAX_ATTACHMENTS = 10;
+
   private constructor(private readonly props: CommentProps) {}
 
   /** Фабричный метод для создания НОВОГО комментария */
-  static create(params: { issueId: number; authorId: string; content: string }): Comment {
+  static create(params: { issueId: number; authorId: string; content: string; fileIds?: string[] }): Comment {
     const now = new Date();
 
     return new Comment({
@@ -32,6 +39,7 @@ export class Comment {
       content: CommentContent.create(params.content),
       issueId: params.issueId,
       authorId: params.authorId,
+      fileIds: Comment.normalizeFileIds(params.fileIds ?? []),
       editedAt: null,
       deletedAt: null,
       createdAt: now,
@@ -45,6 +53,7 @@ export class Comment {
     content: string;
     issueId: number;
     authorId: string | null;
+    fileIds?: string[];
     editedAt: Date | null;
     deletedAt: Date | null;
     createdAt: Date;
@@ -53,6 +62,7 @@ export class Comment {
     return new Comment({
       ...props,
       content: CommentContent.create(props.content),
+      fileIds: [...(props.fileIds ?? [])],
     });
   }
 
@@ -72,6 +82,10 @@ export class Comment {
     return this.props.authorId;
   }
 
+  get fileIds(): readonly string[] {
+    return this.props.fileIds;
+  }
+
   get editedAt(): Date | null {
     return this.props.editedAt;
   }
@@ -92,17 +106,27 @@ export class Comment {
     return this.props.updatedAt;
   }
 
-  /** Меняет текст. Возвращает false, если текст не изменился */
+  /**
-  edit(content: string, userId: string): boolean {
+   * Меняет текст и, если передан fileIds, — набор вложений (целиком).
+   * Возвращает false, если ничего не изменилось.
+   */
+  edit(content: string, userId: string, fileIds?: string[]): boolean {
     this.assertCanModify(userId);
 
-    const next = CommentContent.create(content);
+    const nextContent = CommentContent.create(content);
-    if (next.equals(this.props.content)) {
+    const nextFileIds = fileIds === undefined ? this.props.fileIds : Comment.normalizeFileIds(fileIds);
+
+    const contentChanged = !nextContent.equals(this.props.content);
+    const filesChanged =
+      nextFileIds.length !== this.props.fileIds.length || nextFileIds.some((id, i) => id !== this.props.fileIds[i]);
+
+    if (!contentChanged && !filesChanged) {
       return false;
     }
 
     const now = new Date();
-    this.props.content = next;
+    this.props.content = nextContent;
+    this.props.fileIds = nextFileIds;
     this.props.editedAt = now;
     this.props.updatedAt = now;
     return true;
@@ -112,10 +136,24 @@ export class Comment {
     this.assertCanModify(userId);
 
     const now = new Date();
+    this.props.fileIds = [];
     this.props.deletedAt = now;
     this.props.updatedAt = now;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Без дублей и в порядке загрузки: id файлов — uuid v7, их строковый порядок
+   * совпадает с временем создания. Так порядок одинаков в ответе на create
+   * и при чтении из БД, а сравнение наборов в edit не зависит от порядка у клиента.
+   */
+  private static normalizeFileIds(fileIds: string[]): string[] {
+    const unique = [...new Set(fileIds)].sort();
+    if (unique.length > Comment.MAX_ATTACHMENTS) {
+      throw new Error(`К комментарию можно прикрепить не больше ${Comment.MAX_ATTACHMENTS} файлов`);
+    }
+    return unique;
+  }
+
   /** Править и удалять комментарий может только его автор, и только пока он не удалён */
   private assertCanModify(userId: string): void {
     if (this.isDeleted) {

src/modules/comment/domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 import { Comment } from '../entities/comment.entity.js';
 
+/** Направление пагинации комментариев: forward — от старых к новым, backward — от новых к старым */
+export const COMMENT_LIST_DIRECTIONS = ['forward', 'backward'] as const;
+export type CommentListDirection = (typeof COMMENT_LIST_DIRECTIONS)[number];
+
 /** DI-токен, т.к. интерфейсы стираются при компиляции TS */
 export const COMMENT_REPOSITORY = Symbol('COMMENT_REPOSITORY');
 
@@ -8,13 +12,25 @@ export interface ICommentRepository {
   findById(id: string): Promise<Comment | null>;
   /**
    * Комментарии задачи от старых к новым, включая удалённые.
-   * Курсорная пагинация: cursor — id последнего полученного комментария.
+   * Курсорная пагинация. forward: cursor — id последнего полученного комментария,
+   * отдаются более новые. backward: cursor — id самого старого полученного,
+   * отдаются более старые (без cursor — последняя страница). Список всегда
+   * отсортирован от старых к новым.
    */
   findByIssue(params: {
     issueId: number;
     limit: number;
     cursor?: string;
+    direction?: CommentListDirection;
   }): Promise<{ list: Comment[]; nextCursor: string | null }>;
+  /**
+   * Создание и обновление сохраняют и вложения (fileIds) — атомарно с комментарием.
+   * FileNotFoundException, если файл удалили между проверкой и записью.
+   */
   create(comment: Comment): Promise<Comment>;
   update(comment: Comment): Promise<void>;
+  /** Задачи неудалённых комментариев, к которым прикреплён файл */
+  findIssueIdsByAttachedFile(fileId: string): Promise<number[]>;
+  /** Подмножество fileIds, прикреплённых хотя бы к одному комментарию */
+  findReferencedFileIds(fileIds: string[]): Promise<string[]>;
 }

src/modules/comment/infrastructure/persistence/prisma/mappers/comment.mapper.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 import type { Comment as PrismaComment, Prisma } from '../../../../../../generated/prisma/client.js';
 import { Comment } from '../../../../domain/entities/comment.entity.js';
 
+/** Комментарий вместе с id прикреплённых файлов (см. COMMENT_INCLUDE в репозитории) */
+export type PrismaCommentWithAttachments = PrismaComment & { attachments: { fileId: string }[] };
+
 export class CommentPrismaMapper {
-  static toDomain(record: PrismaComment): Comment {
+  static toDomain(record: PrismaCommentWithAttachments): Comment {
     return Comment.reconstitute({
       id: record.id,
       content: record.content,
       issueId: record.issueId,
       authorId: record.authorId,
+      fileIds: record.attachments.map((attachment) => attachment.fileId),
       editedAt: record.editedAt,
       deletedAt: record.deletedAt,
       createdAt: record.createdAt,
@@ -22,6 +26,7 @@ export class CommentPrismaMapper {
       authorId: comment.authorId,
       createdAt: comment.createdAt,
       updatedAt: comment.updatedAt,
+      attachments: { create: comment.fileIds.map((fileId) => ({ fileId })) },
     };
   }
 

src/modules/comment/infrastructure/persistence/prisma/repositories/comment.prisma-repository.ts

@@ -2,18 +2,27 @@ import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { PrismaAdapter } from '../../../../../../common/prisma-adapter/prisma.adapter.js';
 import { Prisma } from '../../../../../../generated/prisma/client.js';
 import { Comment } from '../../../../domain/entities/comment.entity.js';
-import { ICommentRepository } from '../../../../domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.js';
+import type {
+  CommentListDirection,
+  ICommentRepository,
+} from '../../../../domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.js';
 import { CommentPrismaMapper } from '../mappers/comment.mapper.js';
 import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../../../../file/domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
 
 const FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION = 'P2003';
 
+/** Вложения подгружаются вместе с комментарием, по времени загрузки файла (uuid v7) */
+const COMMENT_INCLUDE = {
+  attachments: { select: { fileId: true }, orderBy: { fileId: 'asc' } },
+} satisfies Prisma.CommentInclude;
+
 @Injectable()
 export class CommentPrismaRepository implements ICommentRepository {
   constructor(private readonly prisma: PrismaAdapter) {}
 
   async findById(id: string): Promise<Comment | null> {
-    const record = await this.prisma.comment.findUnique({ where: { id } });
+    const record = await this.prisma.comment.findUnique({ where: { id }, include: COMMENT_INCLUDE });
     return record ? CommentPrismaMapper.toDomain(record) : null;
   }
 
@@ -21,47 +30,100 @@ export class CommentPrismaRepository implements ICommentRepository {
     issueId: number;
     limit: number;
     cursor?: string;
+    direction?: CommentListDirection;
   }): Promise<{ list: Comment[]; nextCursor: string | null }> {
     const limit = Math.max(1, params.limit);
+    const order = params.direction === 'backward' ? 'desc' : 'asc';
 
     // Берём на одну запись больше, чтобы понять, есть ли следующая страница.
     // id (uuid v7) — тай-брейкер для комментариев с одинаковым createdAt.
     const records = await this.prisma.comment.findMany({
       where: { issueId: params.issueId },
-      orderBy: [{ createdAt: 'asc' }, { id: 'asc' }],
+      include: COMMENT_INCLUDE,
+      orderBy: [{ createdAt: order }, { id: order }],
       take: limit + 1,
       ...(params.cursor ? { cursor: { id: params.cursor }, skip: 1 } : {}),
     });
 
     const hasMore = records.length > limit;
     const page = hasMore ? records.slice(0, limit) : records;
+    // Курсор — последняя запись страницы в порядке выборки: для backward это самая старая
+    const nextCursor = hasMore ? page[page.length - 1]!.id : null;
 
-    return {
+    if (order === 'desc') page.reverse();
-      list: page.map(CommentPrismaMapper.toDomain),
+
-      nextCursor: hasMore ? page[page.length - 1]!.id : null,
+    return { list: page.map(CommentPrismaMapper.toDomain), nextCursor };
-    };
   }
 
   async create(comment: Comment): Promise<Comment> {
     try {
+      // Вложения создаются вложенной записью — одним атомарным запросом
       const record = await this.prisma.comment.create({
         data: CommentPrismaMapper.toCreateInput(comment),
+        include: COMMENT_INCLUDE,
       });
 
       return CommentPrismaMapper.toDomain(record);
     } catch (error) {
-      // Задачу удалили между проверкой доступа и вставкой
+      // Задачу или файл удалили между проверкой доступа и вставкой
-      if (error instanceof Prisma.PrismaClientKnownRequestError && error.code === FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION) {
+      throw this.mapForeignKeyError(error, comment) ?? error;
-        throw new IssueNotFoundException(comment.issueId);
-      }
-      throw error;
     }
   }
 
   async update(comment: Comment): Promise<void> {
-    await this.prisma.comment.update({
+    const id = comment.id as string;
-      where: { id: comment.id as string },
+    const fileIds = [...comment.fileIds];
+
+    try {
+      await this.prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+        await tx.comment.update({
+          where: { id },
           data: CommentPrismaMapper.toUpdateInput(comment),
         });
+
+        // Синхронизируем набор вложений: лишние снимаем, новые добавляем
+        await tx.commentAttachment.deleteMany({ where: { commentId: id, fileId: { notIn: fileIds } } });
+        if (fileIds.length > 0) {
+          await tx.commentAttachment.createMany({
+            data: fileIds.map((fileId) => ({ commentId: id, fileId })),
+            skipDuplicates: true,
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw this.mapForeignKeyError(error, comment) ?? error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async findIssueIdsByAttachedFile(fileId: string): Promise<number[]> {
+    const records = await this.prisma.comment.findMany({
+      where: { deletedAt: null, attachments: { some: { fileId } } },
+      select: { issueId: true },
+      distinct: ['issueId'],
+    });
+    return records.map((record) => record.issueId);
+  }
+
+  async findReferencedFileIds(fileIds: string[]): Promise<string[]> {
+    if (fileIds.length === 0) return [];
+
+    const records = await this.prisma.commentAttachment.findMany({
+      where: { fileId: { in: fileIds } },
+      select: { fileId: true },
+      distinct: ['fileId'],
+    });
+    return records.map((record) => record.fileId);
+  }
+
+  /** Какой FK нарушен — по имени ограничения в meta (comment_attachment_fileId_fkey и т.п.) */
+  private mapForeignKeyError(error: unknown, comment: Comment): Error | null {
+    if (!(error instanceof Prisma.PrismaClientKnownRequestError) || error.code !== FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    if (JSON.stringify(error.meta ?? {}).includes('fileId')) {
+      return new FileNotFoundException(comment.fileIds.join(', '));
+    }
+    return new IssueNotFoundException(comment.issueId);
   }
 }

src/modules/comment/presentation/controllers/comment.controller.ts

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ import { CommentNotFoundException } from '../../domain/exceptions/comment-not-fo
 import { CommentForbiddenException } from '../../domain/exceptions/comment-forbidden.exception.js';
 import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
 import { IssueVisibleGuard } from '../guards/issue-visible.guard.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../../file/domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileForbiddenException } from '../../../file/domain/exceptions/file-forbidden.exception.js';
 
 @Controller()
 export class CommentController {
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ export class CommentController {
   ) {
     return this.handleErrors(() =>
       this.listCommentsUseCase.execute(
-        new ListCommentsQuery(issueId, session.user.id, Number(query.limit), query.cursor),
+        new ListCommentsQuery(issueId, session.user.id, Number(query.limit), query.cursor, query.direction),
       ),
     );
   }
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ export class CommentController {
     @Session() session: UserSession,
   ) {
     return this.handleErrors(() =>
-      this.createCommentUseCase.execute(new CreateCommentCommand(issueId, session.user.id, dto.content)),
+      this.createCommentUseCase.execute(new CreateCommentCommand(issueId, session.user.id, dto.content, dto.fileIds)),
     );
   }
 
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ export class CommentController {
   @Patch('comments/:id')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: UpdateCommentRequestDto, @Session() session: UserSession) {
     return this.handleErrors(() =>
-      this.updateCommentUseCase.execute(new UpdateCommentCommand(id, session.user.id, dto.content)),
+      this.updateCommentUseCase.execute(new UpdateCommentCommand(id, session.user.id, dto.content, dto.fileIds)),
     );
   }
 
@@ -108,10 +110,14 @@ export class CommentController {
     try {
       return await fn();
     } catch (error) {
-      if (error instanceof CommentNotFoundException || error instanceof IssueNotFoundException) {
+      if (
+        error instanceof CommentNotFoundException ||
+        error instanceof IssueNotFoundException ||
+        error instanceof FileNotFoundException
+      ) {
         throw new NotFoundException(error.message);
       }
-      if (error instanceof CommentForbiddenException) {
+      if (error instanceof CommentForbiddenException || error instanceof FileForbiddenException) {
         throw new ForbiddenException(error.message);
       }
       throw error;

src/modules/comment/presentation/dto/create-comment.dto.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
-import { IsNotEmpty, IsString, MaxLength } from 'class-validator';
+import { ArrayMaxSize, IsArray, IsNotEmpty, IsOptional, IsString, MaxLength } from 'class-validator';
 import { CommentContent } from '../../domain/value-objects/comment-content.vo.js';
+import { Comment } from '../../domain/entities/comment.entity.js';
 
 export class CreateCommentRequestDto {
   @IsString()
   @IsNotEmpty()
   @MaxLength(CommentContent.MAX_LENGTH)
   content: string;
+
+  /** id файлов, загруженных через POST /files */
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsArray()
+  @ArrayMaxSize(Comment.MAX_ATTACHMENTS)
+  @IsString({ each: true })
+  @MaxLength(64, { each: true })
+  fileIds?: string[];
 }

src/modules/comment/presentation/dto/list-comments.dto.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
+import { IsIn, IsOptional } from 'class-validator';
 import { IntDecorator, StringDecorator } from '../../../../common/decorators/validators.js';
+import {
+  COMMENT_LIST_DIRECTIONS,
+  type CommentListDirection,
+} from '../../domain/repositories/comment.repository.interface.js';
 
 export class ListCommentsDto {
   @IntDecorator({ isOptional: true, min: 1, max: 100 })
@@ -7,4 +12,13 @@ export class ListCommentsDto {
   /** id последнего полученного комментария (nextCursor из предыдущего ответа) */
   @StringDecorator({ isOptional: true })
   cursor?: string;
+
+  /**
+   * forward — от старых к новым, cursor — последний полученный (новые после него).
+   * backward — страницы от новых к старым (для чата), cursor — самый старый полученный.
+   * В обоих случаях список в ответе отсортирован от старых к новым.
+   */
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsIn(COMMENT_LIST_DIRECTIONS)
+  direction: CommentListDirection = 'forward';
 }

src/modules/comment/presentation/dto/update-comment.dto.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
-import { IsNotEmpty, IsString, MaxLength } from 'class-validator';
+import { ArrayMaxSize, IsArray, IsNotEmpty, IsOptional, IsString, MaxLength } from 'class-validator';
 import { CommentContent } from '../../domain/value-objects/comment-content.vo.js';
+import { Comment } from '../../domain/entities/comment.entity.js';
 
 export class UpdateCommentRequestDto {
   @IsString()
   @IsNotEmpty()
   @MaxLength(CommentContent.MAX_LENGTH)
   content: string;
+
+  /** id файлов, загруженных через POST /files — набор целиком; не передан — не менять */
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsArray()
+  @ArrayMaxSize(Comment.MAX_ATTACHMENTS)
+  @IsString({ each: true })
+  @MaxLength(64, { each: true })
+  fileIds?: string[];
 }

src/modules/file/application/dto/file.dto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export class FileDto {
+  id: string;
+  fileName: string;
+  mimeType: string;
+  size: number;
+  /** null — загрузивший удалил аккаунт */
+  uploaderId: string | null;
+  createdAt: Date;
+}

src/modules/file/application/mappers/file-application.mapper.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { StoredFile } from '../../domain/entities/stored-file.entity.js';
+import { FileDto } from '../dto/file.dto.js';
+
+export class FileApplicationMapper {
+  /** storageKey — деталь хранилища, наружу не отдаём */
+  static toDto(file: StoredFile): FileDto {
+    return {
+      id: file.id as string,
+      fileName: file.fileName,
+      mimeType: file.mimeType,
+      size: file.size,
+      uploaderId: file.uploaderId,
+      createdAt: file.createdAt,
+    };
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/application/services/file-access.service.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { IFileRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import { FileForbiddenException } from '../../domain/exceptions/file-forbidden.exception.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileAccessService } from './file-access.service.js';
+import { buildFile, mockFileRepository, registryWithOwner } from '../use-cases/test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('FileAccessService.getAttachableFile', () => {
+  let fileRepository: IFileRepository;
+  let service: FileAccessService;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    fileRepository = mockFileRepository();
+    service = new FileAccessService(fileRepository, registryWithOwner({ visibleTo: { 'user-2': ['file-1'] } }));
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildFile());
+  });
+
+  it('returns an own file', async () => {
+    await expect(service.getAttachableFile('file-1', 'user-1')).resolves.toMatchObject({ id: 'file-1' });
+  });
+
+  it('forbids attaching a visible file uploaded by someone else', async () => {
+    await expect(service.getAttachableFile('file-1', 'user-2')).rejects.toThrow(FileForbiddenException);
+  });
+
+  it('hides an invisible file', async () => {
+    await expect(service.getAttachableFile('file-1', 'user-3')).rejects.toThrow(FileNotFoundException);
+  });
+});

src/modules/file/application/services/file-access.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { FILE_REPOSITORY, type IFileRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import { StoredFile } from '../../domain/entities/stored-file.entity.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileOwnerRegistry } from './file-owner.registry.js';
+import { FileDto } from '../dto/file.dto.js';
+import { FileApplicationMapper } from '../mappers/file-application.mapper.js';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class FileAccessService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(FILE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly fileRepository: IFileRepository,
+    private readonly fileOwners: FileOwnerRegistry,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * Файл виден загрузившему и всем, кому виден хоть один его владелец
+   * (например, задача, к которой он прикреплён). Иначе — FileNotFoundException,
+   * чтобы не раскрывать существование чужих файлов.
+   */
+  async getVisibleFile(id: string, userId: string): Promise<StoredFile> {
+    const file = await this.fileRepository.findById(id);
+    if (!file) {
+      throw new FileNotFoundException(id);
+    }
+
+    if (file.isUploadedBy(userId) || (await this.fileOwners.isVisibleThroughAnyOwner(id, userId))) {
+      return file;
+    }
+
+    throw new FileNotFoundException(id);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Файл, который пользователь может прикрепить к задаче/комментарию:
+   * невидимый — FileNotFoundException, видимый, но чужой — FileForbiddenException.
+   */
+  async getAttachableFile(id: string, userId: string): Promise<FileDto> {
+    const file = await this.getVisibleFile(id, userId);
+    file.assertOwnedBy(userId);
+    return FileApplicationMapper.toDto(file);
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/application/services/file-gc.service.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import type { IFileRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IFileStorage } from '../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { FileGcService } from './file-gc.service.js';
+import { buildFile, mockFileRepository, mockFileStorage, registryWithOwner } from '../use-cases/test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('FileGcService', () => {
+  let fileRepository: IFileRepository;
+  let fileStorage: IFileStorage;
+  const config = new ConfigService({ FILE_ORPHAN_TTL_HOURS: '24' });
+  const now = new Date('2026-01-10T00:00:00.000Z');
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    fileRepository = mockFileRepository();
+    fileStorage = mockFileStorage();
+  });
+
+  it('removes only unreferenced files older than the TTL', async () => {
+    const gc = new FileGcService(fileRepository, fileStorage, registryWithOwner({ referenced: ['kept'] }), config);
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findCreatedBefore).mockResolvedValueOnce([
+      buildFile({ id: 'kept' }),
+      buildFile({ id: 'orphan' }),
+    ]);
+
+    const removed = await gc.collect(now);
+
+    expect(fileRepository.findCreatedBefore).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      before: new Date('2026-01-09T00:00:00.000Z'),
+      limit: 500,
+      cursor: undefined,
+    });
+    expect(removed).toBe(1);
+    expect(fileStorage.delete).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith('files/orphan');
+    expect(fileRepository.delete).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith('orphan');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the row when the object cannot be deleted and goes on', async () => {
+    const gc = new FileGcService(fileRepository, fileStorage, registryWithOwner(), config);
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findCreatedBefore).mockResolvedValueOnce([buildFile({ id: 'a' }), buildFile({ id: 'b' })]);
+    vi.mocked(fileStorage.delete).mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('s3 down'));
+
+    const removed = await gc.collect(now);
+
+    expect(removed).toBe(1);
+    expect(fileRepository.delete).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith('b');
+  });
+
+  it('pages through files by cursor', async () => {
+    const gc = new FileGcService(fileRepository, fileStorage, registryWithOwner(), config);
+    const fullBatch = Array.from({ length: 500 }, (_, i) => buildFile({ id: `f${i}` }));
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findCreatedBefore)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(fullBatch)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([buildFile({ id: 'last' })]);
+
+    const removed = await gc.collect(now);
+
+    expect(removed).toBe(501);
+    expect(vi.mocked(fileRepository.findCreatedBefore).mock.calls[1]![0]).toMatchObject({ cursor: 'f499' });
+  });
+});

src/modules/file/application/services/file-gc.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { Cron, CronExpression } from '@nestjs/schedule';
+import { FILE_REPOSITORY, type IFileRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import { FILE_STORAGE, type IFileStorage } from '../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { FileOwnerRegistry } from './file-owner.registry.js';
+
+const BATCH_SIZE = 500;
+
+/**
+ * Удаляет файлы-сироты — на которые не ссылается ни один владелец:
+ * загруженные, но так и не прикреплённые, и те, чьи задачи/комментарии
+ * удалены (каскад в БД убирает связь, но не сам файл).
+ *
+ * TTL нужен, чтобы не удалить файл, который пользователь только что загрузил
+ * и вот-вот прикрепит (например, пока пишет комментарий).
+ *
+ * Сначала удаляется объект, потом строка: если упадёт удаление строки,
+ * файл останется сиротой и будет подобран следующим запуском
+ * (удаление объекта идемпотентно). Обратный порядок терял бы объекты навсегда.
+ *
+ * Несколько инстансов приложения могут запустить GC одновременно — это
+ * безопасно, все операции идемпотентны.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class FileGcService {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(FileGcService.name);
+  private readonly orphanTtlMs: number;
+  private running = false;
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(FILE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly fileRepository: IFileRepository,
+    @Inject(FILE_STORAGE)
+    private readonly fileStorage: IFileStorage,
+    private readonly fileOwners: FileOwnerRegistry,
+    config: ConfigService,
+  ) {
+    this.orphanTtlMs = Number(config.get('FILE_ORPHAN_TTL_HOURS', 24)) * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+  }
+
+  @Cron(CronExpression.EVERY_HOUR)
+  async handleCron(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.running) return;
+
+    this.running = true;
+    try {
+      const removed = await this.collect();
+      if (removed > 0) {
+        this.logger.log(`Удалено файлов-сирот: ${removed}`);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error('Сборка файлов-сирот упала', error instanceof Error ? error.stack : error);
+    } finally {
+      this.running = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Возвращает количество удалённых файлов */
+  async collect(now = new Date()): Promise<number> {
+    const before = new Date(now.getTime() - this.orphanTtlMs);
+    let cursor: string | undefined;
+    let removed = 0;
+
+    for (;;) {
+      const batch = await this.fileRepository.findCreatedBefore({ before, limit: BATCH_SIZE, cursor });
+      if (batch.length === 0) break;
+
+      const ids = batch.map((file) => file.id as string);
+      const referenced = await this.fileOwners.findReferenced(ids);
+
+      for (const file of batch) {
+        if (referenced.has(file.id as string)) continue;
+
+        try {
+          await this.fileStorage.delete(file.storageKey);
+          await this.fileRepository.delete(file.id as string);
+          removed++;
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.logger.warn(`Не удалось удалить файл id=${file.id}: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : error}`);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (batch.length < BATCH_SIZE) break;
+      cursor = ids[ids.length - 1];
+    }
+
+    return removed;
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/application/services/file-owner.registry.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+/**
+ * Модуль, к сущностям которого привязываются файлы (задачи, комментарии...).
+ * Связи хранятся в его таблицах (issue_attachment и т.п.), file-модуль
+ * о них не знает и спрашивает через этот интерфейс.
+ */
+export interface FileOwner {
+  /** Для логов */
+  readonly name: string;
+  /** Подмножество fileIds, на которые ссылаются сущности этого владельца (для GC) */
+  findReferenced(fileIds: string[]): Promise<string[]>;
+  /** Виден ли файл пользователю через сущность этого владельца */
+  isVisibleThrough(fileId: string, userId: string): Promise<boolean>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Реестр владельцев файлов. Модуль-владелец регистрируется в onModuleInit:
+ *
+ *   constructor(private readonly fileOwners: FileOwnerRegistry) {}
+ *   onModuleInit() { this.fileOwners.register(this); }
+ *
+ * Важно: файл, на который не ссылается ни один зарегистрированный владелец,
+ * GC считает сиротой. Новый владелец ОБЯЗАН зарегистрироваться.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class FileOwnerRegistry {
+  private readonly owners: FileOwner[] = [];
+
+  register(owner: FileOwner): void {
+    this.owners.push(owner);
+  }
+
+  async findReferenced(fileIds: string[]): Promise<Set<string>> {
+    if (fileIds.length === 0) return new Set();
+
+    const results = await Promise.all(this.owners.map((owner) => owner.findReferenced(fileIds)));
+    return new Set(results.flat());
+  }
+
+  async isVisibleThroughAnyOwner(fileId: string, userId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    for (const owner of this.owners) {
+      if (await owner.isVisibleThrough(fileId, userId)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/delete-file/delete-file.command.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export class DeleteFileCommand {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly id: string,
+    public readonly userId: string,
+  ) {}
+}

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/delete-file/delete-file.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { IFileRepository } from '../../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IFileStorage } from '../../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { FileForbiddenException } from '../../../domain/exceptions/file-forbidden.exception.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../../domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileAccessService } from '../../services/file-access.service.js';
+import { DeleteFileUseCase } from './delete-file.use-case.js';
+import { DeleteFileCommand } from './delete-file.command.js';
+import { buildFile, mockFileRepository, mockFileStorage, registryWithOwner } from '../test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('DeleteFileUseCase', () => {
+  let fileRepository: IFileRepository;
+  let fileStorage: IFileStorage;
+  let useCase: DeleteFileUseCase;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    fileRepository = mockFileRepository();
+    fileStorage = mockFileStorage();
+    const registry = registryWithOwner({ visibleTo: { 'user-2': ['file-1'] } });
+    useCase = new DeleteFileUseCase(fileRepository, fileStorage, new FileAccessService(fileRepository, registry));
+
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildFile());
+  });
+
+  it('deletes the object first, then the row', async () => {
+    const order: string[] = [];
+    vi.mocked(fileStorage.delete).mockImplementation(async () => void order.push('storage'));
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.delete).mockImplementation(async () => void order.push('row'));
+
+    await useCase.execute(new DeleteFileCommand('file-1', 'user-1'));
+
+    expect(fileStorage.delete).toHaveBeenCalledWith('files/file-1');
+    expect(fileRepository.delete).toHaveBeenCalledWith('file-1');
+    expect(order).toEqual(['storage', 'row']);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the row when deleting the object fails, so a retry can finish', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(fileStorage.delete).mockRejectedValue(new Error('s3 down'));
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new DeleteFileCommand('file-1', 'user-1'))).rejects.toThrow('s3 down');
+    expect(fileRepository.delete).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('forbids deleting a visible file uploaded by someone else', async () => {
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new DeleteFileCommand('file-1', 'user-2'))).rejects.toThrow(FileForbiddenException);
+    expect(fileStorage.delete).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('returns not found for an invisible file', async () => {
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new DeleteFileCommand('file-1', 'user-3'))).rejects.toThrow(FileNotFoundException);
+  });
+});

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/delete-file/delete-file.use-case.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { FILE_REPOSITORY, type IFileRepository } from '../../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import { FILE_STORAGE, type IFileStorage } from '../../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { DeleteFileCommand } from './delete-file.command.js';
+import { FileAccessService } from '../../services/file-access.service.js';
+
+/**
+ * Удаляет файл целиком; связи с владельцами уходят каскадом в БД.
+ * Порядок как в FileGcService: сначала объект, потом строка — при сбое
+ * повторный DELETE доведёт дело до конца, объект не потеряется.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class DeleteFileUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(FILE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly fileRepository: IFileRepository,
+    @Inject(FILE_STORAGE)
+    private readonly fileStorage: IFileStorage,
+    private readonly fileAccess: FileAccessService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(command: DeleteFileCommand): Promise<void> {
+    const file = await this.fileAccess.getVisibleFile(command.id, command.userId);
+    file.assertOwnedBy(command.userId);
+
+    await this.fileStorage.delete(file.storageKey);
+    await this.fileRepository.delete(command.id);
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/download-file/download-file.query.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export class DownloadFileQuery {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly id: string,
+    public readonly userId: string,
+  ) {}
+}

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/download-file/download-file.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+import type { IFileRepository } from '../../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IFileStorage } from '../../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../../domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileAccessService } from '../../services/file-access.service.js';
+import { DownloadFileUseCase } from './download-file.use-case.js';
+import { DownloadFileQuery } from './download-file.query.js';
+import { buildFile, mockFileRepository, mockFileStorage, registryWithOwner } from '../test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('DownloadFileUseCase', () => {
+  let fileRepository: IFileRepository;
+  let fileStorage: IFileStorage;
+  let useCase: DownloadFileUseCase;
+  const stream = {} as Readable;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    fileRepository = mockFileRepository();
+    fileStorage = mockFileStorage();
+    const registry = registryWithOwner({ visibleTo: { 'user-2': ['file-1'] } });
+    useCase = new DownloadFileUseCase(fileStorage, new FileAccessService(fileRepository, registry));
+
+    vi.mocked(fileStorage.get).mockResolvedValue(stream);
+  });
+
+  it('lets the uploader download the file', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildFile());
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute(new DownloadFileQuery('file-1', 'user-1'));
+
+    expect(fileStorage.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('files/file-1');
+    expect(result).toMatchObject({ file: { id: 'file-1' }, inline: true, stream });
+  });
+
+  it('lets a user who sees an owner of the file download it', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildFile());
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new DownloadFileQuery('file-1', 'user-2'))).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      file: { id: 'file-1' },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('marks non-image files as attachment-only', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildFile({ mimeType: 'application/octet-stream' }));
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute(new DownloadFileQuery('file-1', 'user-1'));
+
+    expect(result.inline).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('hides the file from everyone else', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildFile());
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new DownloadFileQuery('file-1', 'user-3'))).rejects.toThrow(FileNotFoundException);
+    expect(fileStorage.get).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('throws FileNotFoundException for a missing file', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new DownloadFileQuery('file-1', 'user-1'))).rejects.toThrow(FileNotFoundException);
+  });
+});

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/download-file/download-file.use-case.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import type { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { FILE_STORAGE, type IFileStorage } from '../../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { DownloadFileQuery } from './download-file.query.js';
+import { FileDto } from '../../dto/file.dto.js';
+import { FileApplicationMapper } from '../../mappers/file-application.mapper.js';
+import { FileAccessService } from '../../services/file-access.service.js';
+
+export interface DownloadFileResult {
+  file: FileDto;
+  /** Можно ли показывать в браузере inline, иначе — только скачивание */
+  inline: boolean;
+  stream: Readable;
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class DownloadFileUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(FILE_STORAGE)
+    private readonly fileStorage: IFileStorage,
+    private readonly fileAccess: FileAccessService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(query: DownloadFileQuery): Promise<DownloadFileResult> {
+    const file = await this.fileAccess.getVisibleFile(query.id, query.userId);
+    const stream = await this.fileStorage.get(file.storageKey);
+
+    return {
+      file: FileApplicationMapper.toDto(file),
+      inline: file.isInlineViewable,
+      stream,
+    };
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/get-files/get-files.query.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export class GetFilesQuery {
+  constructor(public readonly ids: string[]) {}
+}

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/get-files/get-files.use-case.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { FILE_REPOSITORY, type IFileRepository } from '../../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import { GetFilesQuery } from './get-files.query.js';
+import { FileDto } from '../../dto/file.dto.js';
+import { FileApplicationMapper } from '../../mappers/file-application.mapper.js';
+
+/**
+ * Метаданные файлов по id — для модулей-владельцев, раскрывающих свои связи
+ * в FileDto (по аналогии с GetUsersUseCase). Доступ проверяет вызывающий:
+ * он отдаёт только файлы своих сущностей, видимых пользователю.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class GetFilesUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(FILE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly fileRepository: IFileRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(query: GetFilesQuery): Promise<FileDto[]> {
+    const ids = [...new Set(query.ids)];
+    const files = await this.fileRepository.findByIds(ids);
+    return files.map(FileApplicationMapper.toDto);
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/test-helpers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { IFileRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IFileStorage } from '../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { StoredFile } from '../../domain/entities/stored-file.entity.js';
+import { FileOwnerRegistry, type FileOwner } from '../services/file-owner.registry.js';
+
+export const buildFile = (
+  overrides: Partial<{ id: string; uploaderId: string | null; mimeType: string; createdAt: Date }> = {},
+) =>
+  StoredFile.reconstitute({
+    id: overrides.id ?? 'file-1',
+    storageKey: `files/${overrides.id ?? 'file-1'}`,
+    fileName: 'photo.png',
+    mimeType: overrides.mimeType ?? 'image/png',
+    size: 10,
+    uploaderId: overrides.uploaderId === undefined ? 'user-1' : overrides.uploaderId,
+    createdAt: overrides.createdAt ?? new Date('2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+  });
+
+export const mockFileRepository = (): IFileRepository => ({
+  findById: vi.fn(),
+  findByIds: vi.fn(),
+  findCreatedBefore: vi.fn(),
+  create: vi.fn(),
+  delete: vi.fn(),
+});
+
+export const mockFileStorage = (): IFileStorage => ({
+  put: vi.fn(),
+  get: vi.fn(),
+  delete: vi.fn(),
+});
+
+/** Реестр с одним владельцем, которому видны/принадлежат перечисленные файлы */
+export const registryWithOwner = (params: { referenced?: string[]; visibleTo?: Record<string, string[]> } = {}) => {
+  const owner: FileOwner = {
+    name: 'test',
+    findReferenced: vi.fn(async (ids: string[]) => ids.filter((id) => params.referenced?.includes(id))),
+    isVisibleThrough: vi.fn(async (fileId: string, userId: string) =>
+      Boolean(params.visibleTo?.[userId]?.includes(fileId)),
+    ),
+  };
+  const registry = new FileOwnerRegistry();
+  registry.register(owner);
+  return registry;
+};

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/upload-file/upload-file.command.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export class UploadFileCommand {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly uploaderId: string,
+    /** Временный файл, куда multer сохранил загрузку. Удаляет его вызывающий */
+    public readonly tempPath: string,
+    public readonly originalName: string,
+    public readonly size: number,
+  ) {}
+}

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/upload-file/upload-file.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { IFileRepository } from '../../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IFileStorage } from '../../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import type { IFileTypeDetector } from '../../../domain/ports/file-type-detector.port.js';
+import { StoredFile } from '../../../domain/entities/stored-file.entity.js';
+import { UploadFileUseCase } from './upload-file.use-case.js';
+import { UploadFileCommand } from './upload-file.command.js';
+import { mockFileRepository, mockFileStorage } from '../test-helpers.js';
+
+vi.mock('node:fs', () => ({ createReadStream: vi.fn(() => 'stream') }));
+
+describe('UploadFileUseCase', () => {
+  let fileRepository: IFileRepository;
+  let fileStorage: IFileStorage;
+  let detector: IFileTypeDetector;
+  let useCase: UploadFileUseCase;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    fileRepository = mockFileRepository();
+    fileStorage = mockFileStorage();
+    detector = { detect: vi.fn() };
+    useCase = new UploadFileUseCase(fileRepository, fileStorage, detector);
+
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.create).mockImplementation(async (file: StoredFile) =>
+      StoredFile.reconstitute({
+        id: 'file-1',
+        storageKey: file.storageKey,
+        fileName: file.fileName,
+        mimeType: file.mimeType,
+        size: file.size,
+        uploaderId: file.uploaderId,
+        createdAt: file.createdAt,
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('stores the file under a generated key with the sniffed MIME type', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(detector.detect).mockResolvedValue('image/png');
+
+    const dto = await useCase.execute(new UploadFileCommand('user-1', '/tmp/upload', 'photo.png', 10));
+
+    const [key, , meta] = vi.mocked(fileStorage.put).mock.calls[0]!;
+    expect(key).toMatch(/^files\/[0-9a-f-]{36}$/);
+    expect(meta).toEqual({ contentType: 'image/png', size: 10 });
+    expect(dto).toEqual({
+      id: 'file-1',
+      fileName: 'photo.png',
+      mimeType: 'image/png',
+      size: 10,
+      uploaderId: 'user-1',
+      createdAt: expect.any(Date),
+    });
+    expect(dto).not.toHaveProperty('storageKey');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to octet-stream for unrecognized content, ignoring the name', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(detector.detect).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    const dto = await useCase.execute(new UploadFileCommand('user-1', '/tmp/upload', 'evil.html', 10));
+
+    expect(dto.mimeType).toBe('application/octet-stream');
+  });
+
+  it('removes the stored object when saving the row fails', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(detector.detect).mockResolvedValue('image/png');
+    vi.mocked(fileRepository.create).mockRejectedValue(new Error('db down'));
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new UploadFileCommand('user-1', '/tmp/upload', 'photo.png', 10))).rejects.toThrow(
+      'db down',
+    );
+
+    const [key] = vi.mocked(fileStorage.put).mock.calls[0]!;
+    expect(fileStorage.delete).toHaveBeenCalledWith(key);
+  });
+});

src/modules/file/application/use-cases/upload-file/upload-file.use-case.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { createReadStream } from 'node:fs';
+import { Inject, Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { FILE_REPOSITORY, type IFileRepository } from '../../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import { FILE_STORAGE, type IFileStorage } from '../../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { FILE_TYPE_DETECTOR, type IFileTypeDetector } from '../../../domain/ports/file-type-detector.port.js';
+import { StoredFile } from '../../../domain/entities/stored-file.entity.js';
+import { UploadFileCommand } from './upload-file.command.js';
+import { FileDto } from '../../dto/file.dto.js';
+import { FileApplicationMapper } from '../../mappers/file-application.mapper.js';
+
+const UNKNOWN_MIME_TYPE = 'application/octet-stream';
+
+/**
+ * Загружает файл без привязки к владельцу. Прикрепление к задаче/комментарию —
+ * отдельный шаг в модуле-владельце; не прикреплённый файл удалит GC.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class UploadFileUseCase {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(UploadFileUseCase.name);
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(FILE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly fileRepository: IFileRepository,
+    @Inject(FILE_STORAGE)
+    private readonly fileStorage: IFileStorage,
+    @Inject(FILE_TYPE_DETECTOR)
+    private readonly fileTypeDetector: IFileTypeDetector,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(command: UploadFileCommand): Promise<FileDto> {
+    // Заголовку Content-Type от клиента не доверяем. Нераспознанное
+    // (в т.ч. HTML/SVG) хранится как octet-stream и отдаётся только на скачивание.
+    const mimeType = (await this.fileTypeDetector.detect(command.tempPath)) ?? UNKNOWN_MIME_TYPE;
+    const storageKey = `files/${randomUUID()}`;
+
+    await this.fileStorage.put(storageKey, createReadStream(command.tempPath), {
+      contentType: mimeType,
+      size: command.size,
+    });
+
+    try {
+      const file = await this.fileRepository.create(
+        StoredFile.create({
+          storageKey,
+          fileName: command.originalName,
+          mimeType,
+          size: command.size,
+          uploaderId: command.uploaderId,
+        }),
+      );
+
+      return FileApplicationMapper.toDto(file);
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Строки нет — GC этот объект никогда не найдёт, убираем сразу
+      try {
+        await this.fileStorage.delete(storageKey);
+      } catch (cleanupError) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Не удалось удалить объект ${storageKey}: ${String(cleanupError)}`);
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/domain/entities/stored-file.entity.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { StoredFile } from './stored-file.entity.js';
+import { FileForbiddenException } from '../exceptions/file-forbidden.exception.js';
+
+const build = (mimeType = 'image/png', uploaderId: string | null = 'user-1') =>
+  StoredFile.reconstitute({
+    id: 'file-1',
+    storageKey: 'files/key',
+    fileName: 'photo.png',
+    mimeType,
+    size: 10,
+    uploaderId,
+    createdAt: new Date('2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+  });
+
+describe('StoredFile', () => {
+  it('creates a new file with sanitized name and no id', () => {
+    const file = StoredFile.create({
+      storageKey: 'files/key',
+      fileName: '../secret/report.pdf',
+      mimeType: 'application/pdf',
+      size: 100,
+      uploaderId: 'user-1',
+    });
+
+    expect(file.id).toBeNull();
+    expect(file.fileName).toBe('report.pdf');
+    expect(file.uploaderId).toBe('user-1');
+  });
+
+  it('allows inline view only for safe image types', () => {
+    expect(build('image/png').isInlineViewable).toBe(true);
+    expect(build('image/svg+xml').isInlineViewable).toBe(false);
+    expect(build('text/html').isInlineViewable).toBe(false);
+    expect(build('application/octet-stream').isInlineViewable).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('treats only the uploader as the owner', () => {
+    expect(() => build().assertOwnedBy('user-1')).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => build().assertOwnedBy('user-2')).toThrow(FileForbiddenException);
+    expect(() => build('image/png', null).assertOwnedBy('user-1')).toThrow(FileForbiddenException);
+  });
+});

src/modules/file/domain/entities/stored-file.entity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import { FileName } from '../value-objects/file-name.vo.js';
+import { FileForbiddenException } from '../exceptions/file-forbidden.exception.js';
+
+interface StoredFileProps {
+  id: string | null;
+  storageKey: string;
+  fileName: FileName;
+  mimeType: string;
+  size: number;
+  /** null — загрузивший удалил аккаунт */
+  uploaderId: string | null;
+  createdAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Типы, которые безопасно показывать в браузере inline. Всё остальное
+ * (в т.ч. HTML и SVG — источник stored XSS) отдаётся только на скачивание.
+ */
+const INLINE_MIME_TYPES = new Set(['image/png', 'image/jpeg', 'image/gif', 'image/webp']);
+
+/**
+ * Загруженный файл (не путать с глобальным `File` из Web API).
+ * О владельцах (задача, комментарий...) ничего не знает — связи живут
+ * в модулях-владельцах, см. FileOwnerRegistry.
+ *
+ * `id` (uuid v7) генерирует Prisma, поэтому у нового файла он null до сохранения.
+ */
+export class StoredFile {
+  private constructor(private readonly props: StoredFileProps) {}
+
+  /** Фабричный метод для НОВОГО файла, уже положенного в хранилище */
+  static create(params: {
+    storageKey: string;
+    fileName: string;
+    mimeType: string;
+    size: number;
+    uploaderId: string;
+  }): StoredFile {
+    return new StoredFile({
+      id: null,
+      storageKey: params.storageKey,
+      fileName: FileName.create(params.fileName),
+      mimeType: params.mimeType,
+      size: params.size,
+      uploaderId: params.uploaderId,
+      createdAt: new Date(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** Восстановление сущности из персистентного слоя */
+  static reconstitute(props: {
+    id: string;
+    storageKey: string;
+    fileName: string;
+    mimeType: string;
+    size: number;
+    uploaderId: string | null;
+    createdAt: Date;
+  }): StoredFile {
+    return new StoredFile({
+      ...props,
+      fileName: FileName.create(props.fileName),
+    });
+  }
+
+  get id(): string | null {
+    return this.props.id;
+  }
+
+  get storageKey(): string {
+    return this.props.storageKey;
+  }
+
+  get fileName(): string {
+    return this.props.fileName.value;
+  }
+
+  get mimeType(): string {
+    return this.props.mimeType;
+  }
+
+  get size(): number {
+    return this.props.size;
+  }
+
+  get uploaderId(): string | null {
+    return this.props.uploaderId;
+  }
+
+  get createdAt(): Date {
+    return this.props.createdAt;
+  }
+
+  get isInlineViewable(): boolean {
+    return INLINE_MIME_TYPES.has(this.props.mimeType);
+  }
+
+  isUploadedBy(userId: string): boolean {
+    return this.props.uploaderId === userId;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Удалить файл или прикрепить его к сущности может только тот, кто его загрузил.
+   * Иначе, увидев файл через одну задачу, можно было бы «перенести» его
+   * в другую и раскрыть людям, которым он не предназначался.
+   */
+  assertOwnedBy(userId: string): void {
+    if (!this.isUploadedBy(userId)) {
+      throw new FileForbiddenException(this.props.id ?? 'new');
+    }
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/domain/exceptions/file-forbidden.exception.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export class FileForbiddenException extends Error {
+  constructor(id: string) {
+    super(`Нет прав на это действие с файлом id=${id}`);
+    this.name = 'FileForbiddenException';
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export class FileNotFoundException extends Error {
+  constructor(id: string) {
+    super(`Файл с id=${id} не найден`);
+    this.name = 'FileNotFoundException';
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/domain/ports/file-storage.port.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import type { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+
+/** DI-токен, т.к. интерфейсы стираются при компиляции TS */
+export const FILE_STORAGE = Symbol('FILE_STORAGE');
+
+/** Объектное хранилище содержимого файлов (S3-совместимое или локальный диск) */
+export interface IFileStorage {
+  put(key: string, body: Readable, meta: { contentType: string; size: number }): Promise<void>;
+  /** Бросает ошибку сразу, если объекта нет, — до того как ответ начнёт отправляться */
+  get(key: string): Promise<Readable>;
+  /** Идемпотентно: отсутствие объекта не ошибка */
+  delete(key: string): Promise<void>;
+}

src/modules/file/domain/ports/file-type-detector.port.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/** DI-токен, т.к. интерфейсы стираются при компиляции TS */
+export const FILE_TYPE_DETECTOR = Symbol('FILE_TYPE_DETECTOR');
+
+/** Определяет MIME-тип по содержимому файла, а не по заголовку от клиента */
+export interface IFileTypeDetector {
+  /** null — тип не распознан (в т.ч. все текстовые форматы: HTML, SVG, CSV...) */
+  detect(path: string): Promise<string | null>;
+}

src/modules/file/domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { StoredFile } from '../entities/stored-file.entity.js';
+
+/** DI-токен, т.к. интерфейсы стираются при компиляции TS */
+export const FILE_REPOSITORY = Symbol('FILE_REPOSITORY');
+
+export interface IFileRepository {
+  findById(id: string): Promise<StoredFile | null>;
+  findByIds(ids: string[]): Promise<StoredFile[]>;
+  /**
+   * Файлы, созданные раньше `before`, по возрастанию id (uuid v7 ≈ время создания).
+   * Курсорная пагинация для GC: cursor — id последнего полученного файла.
+   */
+  findCreatedBefore(params: { before: Date; limit: number; cursor?: string }): Promise<StoredFile[]>;
+  create(file: StoredFile): Promise<StoredFile>;
+  delete(id: string): Promise<void>;
+}

src/modules/file/domain/value-objects/file-name.vo.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { FileName } from './file-name.vo.js';
+
+describe('FileName', () => {
+  it('keeps a regular name, including cyrillic', () => {
+    expect(FileName.create('Отчёт за май.pdf').value).toBe('Отчёт за май.pdf');
+  });
+
+  it('strips directories from the client-supplied path', () => {
+    expect(FileName.create('C:\\Users\\me\\photo.png').value).toBe('photo.png');
+    expect(FileName.create('../../etc/passwd').value).toBe('passwd');
+  });
+
+  it('removes control characters', () => {
+    expect(FileName.create('evil\r\nname\u0000.txt').value).toBe('evilname.txt');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back when nothing is left', () => {
+    expect(FileName.create('').value).toBe(FileName.FALLBACK);
+    expect(FileName.create('  ').value).toBe(FileName.FALLBACK);
+    expect(FileName.create('dir/..').value).toBe(FileName.FALLBACK);
+  });
+
+  it('truncates long names keeping the extension', () => {
+    const name = FileName.create(`${'a'.repeat(300)}.docx`).value;
+
+    expect([...name]).toHaveLength(FileName.MAX_LENGTH);
+    expect(name.endsWith('.docx')).toBe(true);
+  });
+});

src/modules/file/domain/value-objects/file-name.vo.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/**
+ * Оригинальное имя файла — только для отображения и Content-Disposition.
+ * В ключ хранилища не попадает, поэтому достаточно убрать путь и
+ * управляющие символы, а не экранировать всё подряд.
+ */
+export class FileName {
+  static readonly MAX_LENGTH = 255;
+  static readonly FALLBACK = 'file';
+
+  private constructor(private readonly _value: string) {}
+
+  static create(value: string): FileName {
+    const baseName = (value ?? '').split(/[/\\]/).pop() ?? '';
+    const cleaned = Array.from(baseName.normalize('NFC'))
+      .filter((char) => !FileName.isControl(char))
+      .join('')
+      .trim();
+
+    if (!cleaned || cleaned === '.' || cleaned === '..') {
+      return new FileName(FileName.FALLBACK);
+    }
+
+    return new FileName(FileName.truncate(cleaned));
+  }
+
+  /** C0-управляющие символы и DEL: переводы строк ломают заголовки, \0 — пути */
+  private static isControl(char: string): boolean {
+    const code = char.codePointAt(0)!;
+    return code <= 0x1f || code === 0x7f;
+  }
+
+  /** Обрезает длинное имя, сохраняя расширение */
+  private static truncate(name: string): string {
+    const chars = Array.from(name);
+    if (chars.length <= FileName.MAX_LENGTH) {
+      return name;
+    }
+
+    const dot = name.lastIndexOf('.');
+    // Array.from, а не split(''): длина в code points, суррогатные пары не рвём
+    const ext = dot > 0 ? Array.from(name.slice(dot)) : [];
+    if (ext.length === 0 || ext.length > 16) {
+      return chars.slice(0, FileName.MAX_LENGTH).join('');
+    }
+
+    return chars.slice(0, FileName.MAX_LENGTH - ext.length).join('') + ext.join('');
+  }
+
+  get value(): string {
+    return this._value;
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/file.module.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { MulterModule } from '@nestjs/platform-express';
+import { PrismaModule } from '../../common/prisma-adapter/prisma.module.js';
+import { FILE_REPOSITORY } from './domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import { FILE_STORAGE } from './domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { FILE_TYPE_DETECTOR } from './domain/ports/file-type-detector.port.js';
+import { FilePrismaRepository } from './infrastructure/persistence/prisma/repositories/file.prisma-repository.js';
+import { createFileStorage } from './infrastructure/storage/file-storage.factory.js';
+import { FileTypeDetector } from './infrastructure/storage/file-type.detector.js';
+import { FileController } from './presentation/controllers/file.controller.js';
+import { UploadFileUseCase } from './application/use-cases/upload-file/upload-file.use-case.js';
+import { DownloadFileUseCase } from './application/use-cases/download-file/download-file.use-case.js';
+import { DeleteFileUseCase } from './application/use-cases/delete-file/delete-file.use-case.js';
+import { GetFilesUseCase } from './application/use-cases/get-files/get-files.use-case.js';
+import { FileAccessService } from './application/services/file-access.service.js';
+import { FileGcService } from './application/services/file-gc.service.js';
+import { FileOwnerRegistry } from './application/services/file-owner.registry.js';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    PrismaModule,
+    MulterModule.registerAsync({
+      inject: [ConfigService],
+      useFactory: (config: ConfigService) => ({
+        // Загрузка пишется во временный файл, а не в память: тип определяем
+        // по содержимому, размер известен заранее, память не зависит от размера файла
+        dest: tmpdir(),
+        // Без этого multer декодирует имя файла как latin1 и ломает кириллицу
+        defParamCharset: 'utf8',
+        limits: {
+          fileSize: Number(config.get('FILE_MAX_SIZE_MB', 25)) * 1024 * 1024,
+          files: 1,
+        },
+      }),
+    }),
+  ],
+  controllers: [FileController],
+  providers: [
+    UploadFileUseCase,
+    DownloadFileUseCase,
+    DeleteFileUseCase,
+    GetFilesUseCase,
+    FileAccessService,
+    FileGcService,
+    FileOwnerRegistry,
+    {
+      // Domain видит только интерфейсы, конкретные реализации подставляет DI-контейнер здесь
+      provide: FILE_REPOSITORY,
+      useClass: FilePrismaRepository,
+    },
+    {
+      provide: FILE_STORAGE,
+      inject: [ConfigService],
+      useFactory: createFileStorage,
+    },
+    {
+      provide: FILE_TYPE_DETECTOR,
+      useClass: FileTypeDetector,
+    },
+  ],
+  // Модули-владельцы (issue, comment) регистрируются в реестре,
+  // проверяют прикрепляемые файлы и раскрывают связи в FileDto
+  exports: [FileOwnerRegistry, FileAccessService, GetFilesUseCase],
+})
+export class FileModule {}

src/modules/file/infrastructure/persistence/prisma/mappers/file.mapper.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import type { File as PrismaFile, Prisma } from '../../../../../../generated/prisma/client.js';
+import { StoredFile } from '../../../../domain/entities/stored-file.entity.js';
+
+export class FilePrismaMapper {
+  static toDomain(record: PrismaFile): StoredFile {
+    return StoredFile.reconstitute({
+      id: record.id,
+      storageKey: record.storageKey,
+      fileName: record.fileName,
+      mimeType: record.mimeType,
+      size: record.size,
+      uploaderId: record.uploaderId,
+      createdAt: record.createdAt,
+    });
+  }
+
+  static toCreateInput(file: StoredFile): Prisma.FileUncheckedCreateInput {
+    return {
+      storageKey: file.storageKey,
+      fileName: file.fileName,
+      mimeType: file.mimeType,
+      size: file.size,
+      uploaderId: file.uploaderId,
+      createdAt: file.createdAt,
+    };
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/infrastructure/persistence/prisma/repositories/file.prisma-repository.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { PrismaAdapter } from '../../../../../../common/prisma-adapter/prisma.adapter.js';
+import { StoredFile } from '../../../../domain/entities/stored-file.entity.js';
+import { IFileRepository } from '../../../../domain/repositories/file.repository.interface.js';
+import { FilePrismaMapper } from '../mappers/file.mapper.js';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class FilePrismaRepository implements IFileRepository {
+  constructor(private readonly prisma: PrismaAdapter) {}
+
+  async findById(id: string): Promise<StoredFile | null> {
+    const record = await this.prisma.file.findUnique({ where: { id } });
+    return record ? FilePrismaMapper.toDomain(record) : null;
+  }
+
+  async findByIds(ids: string[]): Promise<StoredFile[]> {
+    if (ids.length === 0) return [];
+
+    const records = await this.prisma.file.findMany({ where: { id: { in: ids } } });
+    return records.map(FilePrismaMapper.toDomain);
+  }
+
+  async findCreatedBefore(params: { before: Date; limit: number; cursor?: string }): Promise<StoredFile[]> {
+    const records = await this.prisma.file.findMany({
+      where: { createdAt: { lt: params.before } },
+      orderBy: { id: 'asc' },
+      take: Math.max(1, params.limit),
+      ...(params.cursor ? { cursor: { id: params.cursor }, skip: 1 } : {}),
+    });
+
+    return records.map(FilePrismaMapper.toDomain);
+  }
+
+  async create(file: StoredFile): Promise<StoredFile> {
+    const record = await this.prisma.file.create({
+      data: FilePrismaMapper.toCreateInput(file),
+    });
+
+    return FilePrismaMapper.toDomain(record);
+  }
+
+  async delete(id: string): Promise<void> {
+    // deleteMany не падает, если строку уже удалил параллельный запрос/GC
+    await this.prisma.file.deleteMany({ where: { id } });
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/infrastructure/storage/file-storage.factory.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import type { IFileStorage } from '../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+import { LocalFileStorage } from './local-file-storage.js';
+import { S3FileStorage } from './s3-file-storage.js';
+
+/** FILE_STORAGE=s3 — S3-совместимое хранилище, иначе локальный диск */
+export function createFileStorage(config: ConfigService): IFileStorage {
+  const driver = config.get<string>('FILE_STORAGE', 'local');
+
+  if (driver === 's3') {
+    return new S3FileStorage({
+      endpoint: config.get<string>('S3_ENDPOINT') || undefined,
+      region: config.get<string>('S3_REGION', 'us-east-1'),
+      bucket: config.getOrThrow<string>('S3_BUCKET'),
+      accessKeyId: config.getOrThrow<string>('S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
+      secretAccessKey: config.getOrThrow<string>('S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'),
+      forcePathStyle: config.get<string>('S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE', 'true') !== 'false',
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (driver !== 'local') {
+    throw new Error(`Неизвестный FILE_STORAGE=${driver}, ожидается local | s3`);
+  }
+
+  return new LocalFileStorage(config.get<string>('FILE_STORAGE_LOCAL_DIR', './storage'));
+}

src/modules/file/infrastructure/storage/file-type.detector.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { fileTypeFromFile } from 'file-type';
+import type { IFileTypeDetector } from '../../domain/ports/file-type-detector.port.js';
+
+/** Определение типа по сигнатуре (magic bytes) через file-type */
+@Injectable()
+export class FileTypeDetector implements IFileTypeDetector {
+  async detect(path: string): Promise<string | null> {
+    return (await fileTypeFromFile(path))?.mime ?? null;
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/infrastructure/storage/local-file-storage.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { mkdtemp, rm } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+import { text } from 'node:stream/consumers';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { LocalFileStorage } from './local-file-storage.js';
+
+describe('LocalFileStorage', () => {
+  let root: string;
+  let storage: LocalFileStorage;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    root = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'ulitka-files-'));
+    storage = new LocalFileStorage(root);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  it('puts, gets and deletes an object', async () => {
+    await storage.put('files/a', Readable.from(['hello']));
+
+    expect(await text(await storage.get('files/a'))).toBe('hello');
+
+    await storage.delete('files/a');
+    await expect(storage.get('files/a')).rejects.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('treats deleting a missing object as success', async () => {
+    await expect(storage.delete('files/missing')).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('rejects keys escaping the root', async () => {
+    await expect(storage.put('../escape', Readable.from(['x']))).rejects.toThrow('Недопустимый ключ');
+  });
+});

src/modules/file/infrastructure/storage/local-file-storage.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { createReadStream, createWriteStream } from 'node:fs';
+import { mkdir, rm, stat } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { dirname, resolve, sep } from 'node:path';
+import type { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+import { pipeline } from 'node:stream/promises';
+import type { IFileStorage } from '../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+
+/** Хранилище на локальном диске — для разработки и тестов */
+export class LocalFileStorage implements IFileStorage {
+  private readonly root: string;
+
+  constructor(root: string) {
+    this.root = resolve(root);
+  }
+
+  async put(key: string, body: Readable): Promise<void> {
+    const path = this.resolveKey(key);
+    await mkdir(dirname(path), { recursive: true });
+    await pipeline(body, createWriteStream(path));
+  }
+
+  async get(key: string): Promise<Readable> {
+    const path = this.resolveKey(key);
+    await stat(path);
+    return createReadStream(path);
+  }
+
+  async delete(key: string): Promise<void> {
+    await rm(this.resolveKey(key), { force: true });
+  }
+
+  /** Ключи генерирует приложение, но выход за пределы root всё равно запрещаем */
+  private resolveKey(key: string): string {
+    const path = resolve(this.root, key);
+    if (!path.startsWith(this.root + sep)) {
+      throw new Error(`Недопустимый ключ хранилища: ${key}`);
+    }
+    return path;
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/infrastructure/storage/s3-file-storage.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import type { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+import { DeleteObjectCommand, GetObjectCommand, PutObjectCommand, S3Client } from '@aws-sdk/client-s3';
+import type { IFileStorage } from '../../domain/ports/file-storage.port.js';
+
+export interface S3FileStorageOptions {
+  /** Для MinIO/RustFS — адрес сервера, для AWS можно не задавать */
+  endpoint?: string;
+  region: string;
+  bucket: string;
+  accessKeyId: string;
+  secretAccessKey: string;
+  /** MinIO/RustFS обычно требуют path-style (http://host/bucket/key) */
+  forcePathStyle: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * S3-совместимое хранилище (AWS S3, MinIO, RustFS...).
+ * Бакет должен существовать заранее — приложение его не создаёт.
+ */
+export class S3FileStorage implements IFileStorage {
+  private readonly client: S3Client;
+  private readonly bucket: string;
+
+  constructor(options: S3FileStorageOptions) {
+    this.bucket = options.bucket;
+    this.client = new S3Client({
+      endpoint: options.endpoint,
+      region: options.region,
+      forcePathStyle: options.forcePathStyle,
+      credentials: {
+        accessKeyId: options.accessKeyId,
+        secretAccessKey: options.secretAccessKey,
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  async put(key: string, body: Readable, meta: { contentType: string; size: number }): Promise<void> {
+    await this.client.send(
+      new PutObjectCommand({
+        Bucket: this.bucket,
+        Key: key,
+        Body: body,
+        ContentType: meta.contentType,
+        // Без длины SDK не может отправить поток одним PUT
+        ContentLength: meta.size,
+      }),
+    );
+  }
+
+  async get(key: string): Promise<Readable> {
+    const response = await this.client.send(new GetObjectCommand({ Bucket: this.bucket, Key: key }));
+    // В Node.js Body — это Readable (IncomingMessage с примесями SDK)
+    return response.Body as Readable;
+  }
+
+  async delete(key: string): Promise<void> {
+    // DeleteObject в S3 идемпотентен — отсутствие объекта не ошибка
+    await this.client.send(new DeleteObjectCommand({ Bucket: this.bucket, Key: key }));
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/presentation/controllers/file.controller.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import { rm } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import {
+  BadRequestException,
+  Controller,
+  Delete,
+  ForbiddenException,
+  Get,
+  HttpCode,
+  HttpStatus,
+  NotFoundException,
+  Param,
+  Post,
+  Res,
+  StreamableFile,
+  UploadedFile,
+  UseInterceptors,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { FileInterceptor } from '@nestjs/platform-express';
+import { Session, type UserSession } from '@thallesp/nestjs-better-auth';
+import type { Response } from 'express';
+import { UploadFileUseCase } from '../../application/use-cases/upload-file/upload-file.use-case.js';
+import { DownloadFileUseCase } from '../../application/use-cases/download-file/download-file.use-case.js';
+import { DeleteFileUseCase } from '../../application/use-cases/delete-file/delete-file.use-case.js';
+import { UploadFileCommand } from '../../application/use-cases/upload-file/upload-file.command.js';
+import { DownloadFileQuery } from '../../application/use-cases/download-file/download-file.query.js';
+import { DeleteFileCommand } from '../../application/use-cases/delete-file/delete-file.command.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileForbiddenException } from '../../domain/exceptions/file-forbidden.exception.js';
+import { contentDisposition } from '../helpers/content-disposition.js';
+
+@Controller('files')
+export class FileController {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly uploadFileUseCase: UploadFileUseCase,
+    private readonly downloadFileUseCase: DownloadFileUseCase,
+    private readonly deleteFileUseCase: DeleteFileUseCase,
+  ) {}
+
+  /**
+   * multipart/form-data с полем `file`. Лимиты и временный каталог задаёт
+   * MulterModule в FileModule; превышение размера — 413 от Nest.
+   */
+  @Post()
+  @UseInterceptors(FileInterceptor('file'))
+  async upload(@UploadedFile() file: Express.Multer.File | undefined, @Session() session: UserSession) {
+    if (!file) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Поле file обязательно');
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return await this.uploadFileUseCase.execute(
+        new UploadFileCommand(session.user.id, file.path, file.originalname, file.size),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      await rm(file.path, { force: true });
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Get(':id/download')
+  async download(
+    @Param('id') id: string,
+    @Session() session: UserSession,
+    @Res({ passthrough: true }) res: Response,
+  ): Promise<StreamableFile> {
+    const { file, inline, stream } = await this.handleErrors(() =>
+      this.downloadFileUseCase.execute(new DownloadFileQuery(id, session.user.id)),
+    );
+
+    // Браузер не должен «угадывать» тип: иначе octet-stream с HTML внутри
+    // может исполниться как страница на нашем домене
+    res.setHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
+    res.setHeader('Cache-Control', 'private, max-age=0, must-revalidate');
+
+    return new StreamableFile(stream, {
+      type: file.mimeType,
+      length: file.size,
+      disposition: contentDisposition(inline ? 'inline' : 'attachment', file.fileName),
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Delete(':id')
+  @HttpCode(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT)
+  async delete(@Param('id') id: string, @Session() session: UserSession) {
+    await this.handleErrors(() => this.deleteFileUseCase.execute(new DeleteFileCommand(id, session.user.id)));
+  }
+
+  /** Транслирует доменные исключения в HTTP-ответ — это забота presentation-слоя */
+  private async handleErrors<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+    try {
+      return await fn();
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof FileNotFoundException) {
+        throw new NotFoundException(error.message);
+      }
+      if (error instanceof FileForbiddenException) {
+        throw new ForbiddenException(error.message);
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+}

src/modules/file/presentation/graphql/file.type.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import { Field, Int, ObjectType } from '@nestjs/graphql';
+
+/** Метаданные файла. Содержимое — REST: GET /api/files/:id/download */
+@ObjectType('File')
+export class FileType {
+  @Field()
+  id: string;
+
+  @Field()
+  fileName: string;
+
+  @Field()
+  mimeType: string;
+
+  @Field(() => Int)
+  size: number;
+
+  @Field(() => String, { nullable: true })
+  uploaderId: string | null;
+
+  @Field(() => Date)
+  createdAt: Date;
+}

src/modules/file/presentation/helpers/content-disposition.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { contentDisposition } from './content-disposition.js';
+
+describe('contentDisposition', () => {
+  it('encodes a plain ASCII name', () => {
+    expect(contentDisposition('attachment', 'report.pdf')).toBe(
+      `attachment; filename="report.pdf"; filename*=UTF-8''report.pdf`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('encodes cyrillic with an ASCII fallback', () => {
+    expect(contentDisposition('inline', 'Отчёт.png')).toBe(
+      `inline; filename="_____.png"; filename*=UTF-8''%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82.png`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('escapes quotes and RFC 5987 special characters', () => {
+    expect(contentDisposition('attachment', `a"b'(c).txt`)).toBe(
+      `attachment; filename="a_b'(c).txt"; filename*=UTF-8''a%22b%27%28c%29.txt`,
+    );
+  });
+});

src/modules/file/presentation/helpers/content-disposition.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Заголовок Content-Disposition с именем файла по RFC 6266/5987:
+ * `filename` — ASCII-фолбэк для старых клиентов, `filename*` — полное UTF-8 имя.
+ */
+export function contentDisposition(type: 'inline' | 'attachment', fileName: string): string {
+  const fallback = fileName.replace(/[^\x20-\x7e]|["\\%]/g, '_');
+  const encoded = encodeURIComponent(fileName).replace(
+    /['()*]/g,
+    (char) => `%${char.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase()}`,
+  );
+
+  return `${type}; filename="${fallback}"; filename*=UTF-8''${encoded}`;
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/dto/issue-attachment.dto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import { FileDto } from '../../../file/application/dto/file.dto.js';
+
+export class IssueAttachmentDto {
+  issueId: number;
+  file: FileDto;
+  /** Когда файл прикреплён к задаче (может отличаться от file.createdAt) */
+  attachedAt: Date;
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/services/issue-attachment-expander.service.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { GetFilesUseCase } from '../../../file/application/use-cases/get-files/get-files.use-case.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentExpanderService } from './issue-attachment-expander.service.js';
+import { buildAttachment, buildFileDto } from '../use-cases/test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('IssueAttachmentExpanderService', () => {
+  it('expands attachments into files and skips files deleted in between', async () => {
+    const getFiles = { execute: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([buildFileDto('a')]) } as unknown as GetFilesUseCase;
+    const expander = new IssueAttachmentExpanderService(getFiles);
+
+    const list = await expander.expandAll([buildAttachment({ fileId: 'a' }), buildAttachment({ fileId: 'gone' })]);
+
+    expect(list).toEqual([{ issueId: 1, file: buildFileDto('a'), attachedAt: new Date('2026-01-02T00:00:00.000Z') }]);
+  });
+});

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/services/issue-attachment-expander.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { IssueAttachment } from '../../domain/entities/issue-attachment.entity.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentDto } from '../dto/issue-attachment.dto.js';
+import { GetFilesUseCase } from '../../../file/application/use-cases/get-files/get-files.use-case.js';
+import { GetFilesQuery } from '../../../file/application/use-cases/get-files/get-files.query.js';
+
+/** Раскрывает вложения в метаданные файлов из file-модуля */
+@Injectable()
+export class IssueAttachmentExpanderService {
+  constructor(private readonly getFilesUseCase: GetFilesUseCase) {}
+
+  async expandAll(attachments: IssueAttachment[]): Promise<IssueAttachmentDto[]> {
+    if (attachments.length === 0) return [];
+
+    const files = await this.getFilesUseCase.execute(new GetFilesQuery(attachments.map((a) => a.fileId)));
+    const filesById = new Map(files.map((file) => [file.id, file]));
+
+    // Файл могли удалить между запросами — такое вложение просто не показываем
+    return attachments.flatMap((attachment) => {
+      const file = filesById.get(attachment.fileId);
+      return file ? [{ issueId: attachment.issueId, file, attachedAt: attachment.createdAt }] : [];
+    });
+  }
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/services/issue-attachment-file-owner.service.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { IIssueAttachmentRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IIssueRepository } from '../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { FileOwnerRegistry } from '../../../file/application/services/file-owner.registry.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentFileOwnerService } from './issue-attachment-file-owner.service.js';
+import { buildIssue, mockAttachmentRepository, mockIssueRepository } from '../use-cases/test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('IssueAttachmentFileOwnerService', () => {
+  let attachmentRepository: IIssueAttachmentRepository;
+  let issueRepository: IIssueRepository;
+  let registry: FileOwnerRegistry;
+  let owner: IssueAttachmentFileOwnerService;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    attachmentRepository = mockAttachmentRepository();
+    issueRepository = mockIssueRepository();
+    registry = new FileOwnerRegistry();
+    owner = new IssueAttachmentFileOwnerService(attachmentRepository, issueRepository, registry);
+    owner.onModuleInit();
+  });
+
+  it('registers itself, so GC keeps attached files', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(attachmentRepository.findReferencedFileIds).mockResolvedValue(['a']);
+
+    expect(await registry.findReferenced(['a', 'b'])).toEqual(new Set(['a']));
+  });
+
+  it('makes a file visible to users who see one of its issues', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(attachmentRepository.findIssueIdsByFile).mockResolvedValue([1, 2]);
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockImplementation(async (id: number) => (id === 2 ? buildIssue() : null));
+
+    expect(await registry.isVisibleThroughAnyOwner('file-1', 'user-2')).toBe(true);
+    expect(issueRepository.findById).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 'user-2');
+    expect(issueRepository.findById).toHaveBeenCalledWith(2, 'user-2');
+  });
+
+  it('hides a file whose issues are all invisible', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(attachmentRepository.findIssueIdsByFile).mockResolvedValue([1]);
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    expect(await owner.isVisibleThrough('file-1', 'user-3')).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/services/issue-attachment-file-owner.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable, type OnModuleInit } from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY,
+  type IIssueAttachmentRepository,
+} from '../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import {
+  ISSUE_REPOSITORY,
+  type IIssueRepository,
+} from '../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { FileOwnerRegistry, type FileOwner } from '../../../file/application/services/file-owner.registry.js';
+
+/**
+ * Регистрирует задачи как владельца файлов: без этого GC file-модуля
+ * считал бы прикреплённые файлы сиротами и удалял их.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class IssueAttachmentFileOwnerService implements FileOwner, OnModuleInit {
+  readonly name = 'issue';
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly attachmentRepository: IIssueAttachmentRepository,
+    @Inject(ISSUE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly issueRepository: IIssueRepository,
+    private readonly fileOwners: FileOwnerRegistry,
+  ) {}
+
+  onModuleInit(): void {
+    this.fileOwners.register(this);
+  }
+
+  findReferenced(fileIds: string[]): Promise<string[]> {
+    return this.attachmentRepository.findReferencedFileIds(fileIds);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Файл виден, если видна хоть одна задача, к которой он прикреплён.
+   * Видимость проверяем через IIssueRepository.findById, чтобы правило
+   * (reporter/assignee) жило в одном месте. Обычно файл прикреплён к одной задаче.
+   */
+  async isVisibleThrough(fileId: string, userId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    const issueIds = await this.attachmentRepository.findIssueIdsByFile(fileId);
+
+    for (const issueId of issueIds) {
+      if (await this.issueRepository.findById(issueId, userId)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/attach-file/attach-file.command.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export class AttachFileCommand {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly issueId: number,
+    public readonly fileId: string,
+    public readonly userId: string,
+  ) {}
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/attach-file/attach-file.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { IIssueAttachmentRepository } from '../../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IIssueRepository } from '../../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileForbiddenException } from '../../../../file/domain/exceptions/file-forbidden.exception.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../../../file/domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
+import type { FileAccessService } from '../../../../file/application/services/file-access.service.js';
+import { IssueAttachment } from '../../../domain/entities/issue-attachment.entity.js';
+import { AttachFileUseCase } from './attach-file.use-case.js';
+import { AttachFileCommand } from './attach-file.command.js';
+import { buildFileDto, buildIssue, mockAttachmentRepository, mockIssueRepository } from '../test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('AttachFileUseCase', () => {
+  let attachmentRepository: IIssueAttachmentRepository;
+  let issueRepository: IIssueRepository;
+  let fileAccess: FileAccessService;
+  let useCase: AttachFileUseCase;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    attachmentRepository = mockAttachmentRepository();
+    issueRepository = mockIssueRepository();
+    fileAccess = { getAttachableFile: vi.fn() } as unknown as FileAccessService;
+    useCase = new AttachFileUseCase(attachmentRepository, issueRepository, fileAccess);
+
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildIssue());
+    vi.mocked(fileAccess.getAttachableFile).mockResolvedValue(buildFileDto());
+    vi.mocked(attachmentRepository.create).mockImplementation(async (attachment: IssueAttachment) => attachment);
+  });
+
+  it('attaches an own file to a visible issue', async () => {
+    const dto = await useCase.execute(new AttachFileCommand(1, 'file-1', 'user-1'));
+
+    expect(issueRepository.findById).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 'user-1');
+    expect(fileAccess.getAttachableFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith('file-1', 'user-1');
+    expect(dto).toEqual({ issueId: 1, file: buildFileDto(), attachedAt: expect.any(Date) });
+  });
+
+  it('throws IssueNotFoundException when the issue is not visible', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new AttachFileCommand(1, 'file-1', 'user-2'))).rejects.toThrow(IssueNotFoundException);
+    expect(fileAccess.getAttachableFile).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(attachmentRepository.create).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it.each([new FileNotFoundException('file-1'), new FileForbiddenException('file-1')])(
+    'does not attach when the file is not attachable (%s)',
+    async (error) => {
+      vi.mocked(fileAccess.getAttachableFile).mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      await expect(useCase.execute(new AttachFileCommand(1, 'file-1', 'user-1'))).rejects.toThrow(error);
+      expect(attachmentRepository.create).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    },
+  );
+});

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/attach-file/attach-file.use-case.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY,
+  type IIssueAttachmentRepository,
+} from '../../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import {
+  ISSUE_REPOSITORY,
+  type IIssueRepository,
+} from '../../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileAccessService } from '../../../../file/application/services/file-access.service.js';
+import { IssueAttachment } from '../../../domain/entities/issue-attachment.entity.js';
+import { AttachFileCommand } from './attach-file.command.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentDto } from '../../dto/issue-attachment.dto.js';
+
+/**
+ * Прикрепляет к задаче файл, заранее загруженный через POST /files.
+ * Прикреплять может любой, кому видна задача (как и править её),
+ * но только собственный файл — см. StoredFile.assertOwnedBy.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class AttachFileUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly attachmentRepository: IIssueAttachmentRepository,
+    @Inject(ISSUE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly issueRepository: IIssueRepository,
+    private readonly fileAccess: FileAccessService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(command: AttachFileCommand): Promise<IssueAttachmentDto> {
+    if (!(await this.issueRepository.findById(command.issueId, command.userId))) {
+      throw new IssueNotFoundException(command.issueId);
+    }
+
+    const file = await this.fileAccess.getAttachableFile(command.fileId, command.userId);
+    const attachment = await this.attachmentRepository.create(
+      IssueAttachment.create({ issueId: command.issueId, fileId: command.fileId }),
+    );
+
+    return { issueId: attachment.issueId, file, attachedAt: attachment.createdAt };
+  }
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/detach-file/detach-file.command.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export class DetachFileCommand {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly issueId: number,
+    public readonly fileId: string,
+    public readonly userId: string,
+  ) {}
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/detach-file/detach-file.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { IIssueAttachmentRepository } from '../../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IIssueRepository } from '../../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentNotFoundException } from '../../../domain/exceptions/issue-attachment-not-found.exception.js';
+import { DetachFileUseCase } from './detach-file.use-case.js';
+import { DetachFileCommand } from './detach-file.command.js';
+import { buildIssue, mockAttachmentRepository, mockIssueRepository } from '../test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('DetachFileUseCase', () => {
+  let attachmentRepository: IIssueAttachmentRepository;
+  let issueRepository: IIssueRepository;
+  let useCase: DetachFileUseCase;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    attachmentRepository = mockAttachmentRepository();
+    issueRepository = mockIssueRepository();
+    useCase = new DetachFileUseCase(attachmentRepository, issueRepository);
+
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildIssue());
+  });
+
+  it('detaches the file from a visible issue', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(attachmentRepository.delete).mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+    await useCase.execute(new DetachFileCommand(1, 'file-1', 'user-1'));
+
+    expect(attachmentRepository.delete).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 'file-1');
+  });
+
+  it('throws IssueAttachmentNotFoundException when the file is not attached', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(attachmentRepository.delete).mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new DetachFileCommand(1, 'file-1', 'user-1'))).rejects.toThrow(
+      IssueAttachmentNotFoundException,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('throws IssueNotFoundException when the issue is not visible', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new DetachFileCommand(1, 'file-1', 'user-2'))).rejects.toThrow(IssueNotFoundException);
+    expect(attachmentRepository.delete).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/detach-file/detach-file.use-case.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY,
+  type IIssueAttachmentRepository,
+} from '../../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import {
+  ISSUE_REPOSITORY,
+  type IIssueRepository,
+} from '../../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentNotFoundException } from '../../../domain/exceptions/issue-attachment-not-found.exception.js';
+import { DetachFileCommand } from './detach-file.command.js';
+
+/**
+ * Открепляет файл от задачи. Сам файл не удаляется: если он больше
+ * ни к чему не прикреплён, его удалит GC file-модуля.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class DetachFileUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly attachmentRepository: IIssueAttachmentRepository,
+    @Inject(ISSUE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly issueRepository: IIssueRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(command: DetachFileCommand): Promise<void> {
+    if (!(await this.issueRepository.findById(command.issueId, command.userId))) {
+      throw new IssueNotFoundException(command.issueId);
+    }
+
+    if (!(await this.attachmentRepository.delete(command.issueId, command.fileId))) {
+      throw new IssueAttachmentNotFoundException(command.issueId, command.fileId);
+    }
+  }
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/list-issue-attachments/list-issue-attachments.query.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export class ListIssueAttachmentsQuery {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly issueId: number,
+    public readonly userId: string,
+  ) {}
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/list-issue-attachments/list-issue-attachments.use-case.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { IIssueAttachmentRepository } from '../../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import type { IIssueRepository } from '../../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
+import { ListIssueAttachmentsUseCase } from './list-issue-attachments.use-case.js';
+import { ListIssueAttachmentsQuery } from './list-issue-attachments.query.js';
+import {
+  buildAttachment,
+  buildIssue,
+  mockAttachmentExpander,
+  mockAttachmentRepository,
+  mockIssueRepository,
+} from '../test-helpers.js';
+
+describe('ListIssueAttachmentsUseCase', () => {
+  let attachmentRepository: IIssueAttachmentRepository;
+  let issueRepository: IIssueRepository;
+  let useCase: ListIssueAttachmentsUseCase;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    attachmentRepository = mockAttachmentRepository();
+    issueRepository = mockIssueRepository();
+    useCase = new ListIssueAttachmentsUseCase(attachmentRepository, issueRepository, mockAttachmentExpander());
+  });
+
+  it('lists attachments of a visible issue', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(buildIssue());
+    vi.mocked(attachmentRepository.findByIssue).mockResolvedValue([
+      buildAttachment({ fileId: 'a' }),
+      buildAttachment({ fileId: 'b' }),
+    ]);
+
+    const list = await useCase.execute(new ListIssueAttachmentsQuery(1, 'user-1'));
+
+    expect(attachmentRepository.findByIssue).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1);
+    expect(list.map((item) => item.file.id)).toEqual(['a', 'b']);
+  });
+
+  it('throws IssueNotFoundException when the issue is not visible', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(issueRepository.findById).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    await expect(useCase.execute(new ListIssueAttachmentsQuery(1, 'user-2'))).rejects.toThrow(IssueNotFoundException);
+    expect(attachmentRepository.findByIssue).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/list-issue-attachments/list-issue-attachments.use-case.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import {
+  ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY,
+  type IIssueAttachmentRepository,
+} from '../../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import {
+  ISSUE_REPOSITORY,
+  type IIssueRepository,
+} from '../../../../issue/domain/repositories/issue.repository.interface.js';
+import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
+import { ListIssueAttachmentsQuery } from './list-issue-attachments.query.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentDto } from '../../dto/issue-attachment.dto.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentExpanderService } from '../../services/issue-attachment-expander.service.js';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class ListIssueAttachmentsUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly attachmentRepository: IIssueAttachmentRepository,
+    @Inject(ISSUE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly issueRepository: IIssueRepository,
+    private readonly attachmentExpander: IssueAttachmentExpanderService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(query: ListIssueAttachmentsQuery): Promise<IssueAttachmentDto[]> {
+    if (!(await this.issueRepository.findById(query.issueId, query.userId))) {
+      throw new IssueNotFoundException(query.issueId);
+    }
+
+    const attachments = await this.attachmentRepository.findByIssue(query.issueId);
+    return this.attachmentExpander.expandAll(attachments);
+  }
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/application/use-cases/test-helpers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { vi } from 'vitest';
+import type { IIssueAttachmentRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import { IssueAttachment } from '../../domain/entities/issue-attachment.entity.js';
+import { FileDto } from '../../../file/application/dto/file.dto.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentExpanderService } from '../services/issue-attachment-expander.service.js';
+
+export { buildIssue, mockIssueRepository } from '../../../comment/application/use-cases/test-helpers.js';
+
+export const buildAttachment = (overrides: Partial<{ issueId: number; fileId: string }> = {}) =>
+  IssueAttachment.reconstitute({
+    issueId: overrides.issueId ?? 1,
+    fileId: overrides.fileId ?? 'file-1',
+    createdAt: new Date('2026-01-02T00:00:00.000Z'),
+  });
+
+export const buildFileDto = (id = 'file-1'): FileDto => ({
+  id,
+  fileName: 'photo.png',
+  mimeType: 'image/png',
+  size: 10,
+  uploaderId: 'user-1',
+  createdAt: new Date('2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+});
+
+export const mockAttachmentRepository = (): IIssueAttachmentRepository => ({
+  findByIssue: vi.fn(),
+  findIssueIdsByFile: vi.fn(),
+  findReferencedFileIds: vi.fn(),
+  create: vi.fn(),
+  delete: vi.fn(),
+});
+
+/** Экспандер без похода в file-модуль: у каждого вложения файл с его fileId */
+export const mockAttachmentExpander = () =>
+  ({
+    expandAll: vi.fn(async (attachments: IssueAttachment[]) =>
+      attachments.map((a) => ({ issueId: a.issueId, file: buildFileDto(a.fileId), attachedAt: a.createdAt })),
+    ),
+  }) as unknown as IssueAttachmentExpanderService;

src/modules/issue-attachment/domain/entities/issue-attachment.entity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+interface IssueAttachmentProps {
+  issueId: number;
+  fileId: string;
+  createdAt: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Вложение задачи — связь задачи с файлом из file-модуля.
+ * Идентичность — пара (issueId, fileId): один файл прикрепляется к задаче один раз.
+ */
+export class IssueAttachment {
+  private constructor(private readonly props: IssueAttachmentProps) {}
+
+  /** Фабричный метод для создания НОВОГО вложения */
+  static create(params: { issueId: number; fileId: string }): IssueAttachment {
+    return new IssueAttachment({ ...params, createdAt: new Date() });
+  }
+
+  /** Восстановление сущности из персистентного слоя */
+  static reconstitute(props: IssueAttachmentProps): IssueAttachment {
+    return new IssueAttachment({ ...props });
+  }
+
+  get issueId(): number {
+    return this.props.issueId;
+  }
+
+  get fileId(): string {
+    return this.props.fileId;
+  }
+
+  get createdAt(): Date {
+    return this.props.createdAt;
+  }
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/domain/exceptions/issue-attachment-not-found.exception.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export class IssueAttachmentNotFoundException extends Error {
+  constructor(issueId: number, fileId: string) {
+    super(`Вложение fileId=${fileId} у задачи id=${issueId} не найдено`);
+    this.name = 'IssueAttachmentNotFoundException';
+  }
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { IssueAttachment } from '../entities/issue-attachment.entity.js';
+
+/** DI-токен, т.к. интерфейсы стираются при компиляции TS */
+export const ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY = Symbol('ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY');
+
+export interface IIssueAttachmentRepository {
+  /** Вложения задачи от старых к новым */
+  findByIssue(issueId: number): Promise<IssueAttachment[]>;
+  /** Задачи, к которым прикреплён файл */
+  findIssueIdsByFile(fileId: string): Promise<number[]>;
+  /** Подмножество fileIds, прикреплённых хотя бы к одной задаче */
+  findReferencedFileIds(fileIds: string[]): Promise<string[]>;
+  /**
+   * Идемпотентно: повторное прикрепление возвращает существующее вложение.
+   * Бросает IssueNotFoundException / FileNotFoundException, если задачу
+   * или файл удалили между проверкой и вставкой.
+   */
+  create(attachment: IssueAttachment): Promise<IssueAttachment>;
+  /** false — такого вложения не было */
+  delete(issueId: number, fileId: string): Promise<boolean>;
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/infrastructure/persistence/prisma/mappers/issue-attachment.mapper.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import type { IssueAttachment as PrismaIssueAttachment, Prisma } from '../../../../../../generated/prisma/client.js';
+import { IssueAttachment } from '../../../../domain/entities/issue-attachment.entity.js';
+
+export class IssueAttachmentPrismaMapper {
+  static toDomain(record: PrismaIssueAttachment): IssueAttachment {
+    return IssueAttachment.reconstitute({
+      issueId: record.issueId,
+      fileId: record.fileId,
+      createdAt: record.createdAt,
+    });
+  }
+
+  static toCreateInput(attachment: IssueAttachment): Prisma.IssueAttachmentUncheckedCreateInput {
+    return {
+      issueId: attachment.issueId,
+      fileId: attachment.fileId,
+      createdAt: attachment.createdAt,
+    };
+  }
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/infrastructure/persistence/prisma/repositories/issue-attachment.prisma-repository.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { PrismaAdapter } from '../../../../../../common/prisma-adapter/prisma.adapter.js';
+import { Prisma } from '../../../../../../generated/prisma/client.js';
+import { IssueAttachment } from '../../../../domain/entities/issue-attachment.entity.js';
+import { IIssueAttachmentRepository } from '../../../../domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentPrismaMapper } from '../mappers/issue-attachment.mapper.js';
+import { IssueNotFoundException } from '../../../../../issue/domain/exceptions/issue-not-found.exception.js';
+import { FileNotFoundException } from '../../../../../file/domain/exceptions/file-not-found.exception.js';
+
+const FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION = 'P2003';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class IssueAttachmentPrismaRepository implements IIssueAttachmentRepository {
+  constructor(private readonly prisma: PrismaAdapter) {}
+
+  async findByIssue(issueId: number): Promise<IssueAttachment[]> {
+    const records = await this.prisma.issueAttachment.findMany({
+      where: { issueId },
+      orderBy: [{ createdAt: 'asc' }, { fileId: 'asc' }],
+    });
+    return records.map(IssueAttachmentPrismaMapper.toDomain);
+  }
+
+  async findIssueIdsByFile(fileId: string): Promise<number[]> {
+    const records = await this.prisma.issueAttachment.findMany({
+      where: { fileId },
+      select: { issueId: true },
+    });
+    return records.map((record) => record.issueId);
+  }
+
+  async findReferencedFileIds(fileIds: string[]): Promise<string[]> {
+    if (fileIds.length === 0) return [];
+
+    const records = await this.prisma.issueAttachment.findMany({
+      where: { fileId: { in: fileIds } },
+      select: { fileId: true },
+      distinct: ['fileId'],
+    });
+    return records.map((record) => record.fileId);
+  }
+
+  async create(attachment: IssueAttachment): Promise<IssueAttachment> {
+    try {
+      // upsert с пустым update — идемпотентное прикрепление без гонки «проверил — вставил»
+      const record = await this.prisma.issueAttachment.upsert({
+        where: { issueId_fileId: { issueId: attachment.issueId, fileId: attachment.fileId } },
+        create: IssueAttachmentPrismaMapper.toCreateInput(attachment),
+        update: {},
+      });
+
+      return IssueAttachmentPrismaMapper.toDomain(record);
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Задачу или файл удалили между проверкой доступа и вставкой.
+      // Какой именно FK нарушен — по имени ограничения в meta
+      if (error instanceof Prisma.PrismaClientKnownRequestError && error.code === FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION) {
+        if (JSON.stringify(error.meta ?? {}).includes('fileId')) {
+          throw new FileNotFoundException(attachment.fileId);
+        }
+        throw new IssueNotFoundException(attachment.issueId);
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async delete(issueId: number, fileId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    const { count } = await this.prisma.issueAttachment.deleteMany({ where: { issueId, fileId } });
+    return count > 0;
+  }
+}

src/modules/issue-attachment/issue-attachment.module.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { PrismaModule } from '../../common/prisma-adapter/prisma.module.js';
+import { IssueModule } from '../issue/issue.module.js';
+import { FileModule } from '../file/file.module.js';
+import { ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY } from './domain/repositories/issue-attachment.repository.interface.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentPrismaRepository } from './infrastructure/persistence/prisma/repositories/issue-attachment.prisma-repository.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentController } from './presentation/controllers/issue-attachment.controller.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentResolver } from './presentation/resolvers/issue-attachment.resolver.js';
+import { ListIssueAttachmentsUseCase } from './application/use-cases/list-issue-attachments/list-issue-attachments.use-case.js';
+import { AttachFileUseCase } from './application/use-cases/attach-file/attach-file.use-case.js';
+import { DetachFileUseCase } from './application/use-cases/detach-file/detach-file.use-case.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentExpanderService } from './application/services/issue-attachment-expander.service.js';
+import { IssueAttachmentFileOwnerService } from './application/services/issue-attachment-file-owner.service.js';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [PrismaModule, IssueModule, FileModule],
+  controllers: [IssueAttachmentController],
+  providers: [
+    ListIssueAttachmentsUseCase,
+    AttachFileUseCase,
+    DetachFileUseCase,
+    IssueAttachmentExpanderService,
+    IssueAttachmentFileOwnerService,
+    IssueAttachmentResolver,
+    {
+      // Domain видит только интерфейс IIssueAttachmentRepository,
+      // конкретную реализацию (Prisma) подставляет DI-контейнер здесь
+      provide: ISSUE_ATTACHMENT_REPOSITORY,
+      useClass: IssueAttachmentPrismaRepository,
+    },
+  ],
+})
+export class IssueAttachmentModule {}